{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T22:18:33Z","timestamp":1769811513857,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"American Public Health Association","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Am J Public Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> OBJECTIVES: This study identified risk factors for homelessness among indigent urban adults without dependent children and with no history of psychotic illness. METHODS: We conducted a matched case-control study, stratified by sex, of 200 newly homeless men and women and 200 indigent men and women with no history of homelessness. Newly homeless case subjects were recruited from shelter assessment centers in New York City. Never-homeless control subjects, selected from public assistance centers, were single adults applying for home relief. Control subjects were matched with case subjects according to ethnicity, age, and sex. Trained interviewers employed standardized research instruments to probe 3 domains of risk factors: symptom severity and substance use disorder, family support and functioning, and prior use of services. RESULTS: Significant interaction effects by sex were present for symptom severity, heroin use disorder, and prior service use. Greater numbers of the homeless of both sexes lacked a high school diploma and had less income from all sources, including from their families, than of the never homeless. CONCLUSIONS: Newly homeless men and women with no history of psychotic illness differed from their never-homeless counterparts in the 3 domains investigated, but socioeconomic factors were also important. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2105\/ajph.90.2.258","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,29]],"date-time":"2008-11-29T13:33:29Z","timestamp":1227965609000},"page":"258-263","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"title":["Risk factors for homelessness among indigent urban adults with no history of psychotic illness: a case-control study"],"prefix":"10.2105","volume":"90","member":"844","reference":[{"key":"p_1","unstructured":"Crystal S, Goldstein M. New Arrivals: First Time Shelter Clients. New York, NY: City of New York Human Resources Administration; 1982."},{"key":"p_2","unstructured":"Crystal S, Ladner S, Towber R, etal Project Future. New York, NY: City of New York Human Resources Administration; 1986."},{"key":"p_3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.76.5.519"},{"key":"p_4","first-page":"712","volume":"37","author":"Roth D","year":"1986","journal-title":"Hosp Community Psychiatry."},{"key":"p_5","unstructured":"Burt MR, Cohen BE. America's Homeless: Numbers, Characteristics, and Programs That Serve Them. 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Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders, Research Version, Patient\/Non-Patient Edition. New York, NY: Biometrics Research Division, New York State Psychiatric Institute; 1997."},{"key":"p_18","unstructured":"Rossi PH, Fisher GA, Willis G. The Condition of the Homeless of Chicago. Chicago, Ill: National Opinion Research Council; 1986:81-82."},{"key":"p_19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0079653"},{"key":"p_20","unstructured":"Spitzer RL, Williams JBW, Gibbon M, First MB. Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IIIR. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press; 1990."},{"key":"p_21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/4.2.236"},{"key":"p_22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/13.2.261"},{"key":"p_23","unstructured":"Caton CLM. The Community Care Schedule. New York, NY: New York State Psychiatric Institute; January 1989."},{"key":"p_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kleinbaum DG. Logistic Regression: A Self-Learning Text. 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