{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T08:34:28Z","timestamp":1790757268267,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"American Public Health Association","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Am J Public Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> OBJECTIVES: This study assessed trends in HIV risk behaviors among injection drug users in New York City from 1990 to 1997. METHODS: Injection drug users were recruited continuously from a large drug detoxification treatment program (N = 2588) and a research storefront located in a high-drug-use area (N = 2701). Informed consent was obtained, and a trained interviewer administered a structured interview covering sociodemographics, drug use history, HIV risk behavior, and participation in syringe exchange. RESULTS: Trends were assessed for 5 risk behaviors in the 6-month period before the interview. The 3 injection risk behaviors declined significantly over time at each site (all P &lt; .01). When data were pooled across sites, all 5 risk behaviors declined significantly over time (all P &lt; .01). Participation in syringe exchange programs and in HIV counseling and testing increased greatly from 1990 to 1997. CONCLUSIONS: The continuing risk reduction among injection drug users indicates a \"declining phase\" in the large HIV epidemic in New York City. HIV prevention programs appear to be making an important contribution to the declining phase. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2105\/ajph.90.7.1112","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,29]],"date-time":"2008-11-29T13:33:29Z","timestamp":1227965609000},"page":"1112-1116","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":98,"title":["Behavioral risk reduction in a declining HIV epidemic: injection drug users in New York City, 1990-1997"],"prefix":"10.2105","volume":"90","member":"844","reference":[{"key":"p_1","unstructured":"Quarterly AIDS Surveillance Update: First Quarter. New York City Department of Health, Office of AIDS Surveillance; April 1997:1-16."},{"issue":"1","key":"p_2","first-page":"1","volume":"9","year":"1997","journal-title":"HIV\/AIDS Surveill Rep."},{"key":"p_3","unstructured":"European Centre for the Epidemiological Monitoring of AIDS. AIDS Surveillance Report. 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