{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T11:19:22Z","timestamp":1784719162256,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":0,"publisher":"American Public Health Association","issue":"11","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Am J Public Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> In 1911, Yakima, in western Washington, suffered a typhoid epidemic that turned the nation's attention to a crisis in public health. The response exemplified the ideals of the \u201cnew public health\u201d as a more proactive, scientific, federal commitment to the problems of rural America. <\/jats:p><jats:p> A US Public Health Service investigation led by Dr Leslie Lumsden found a typhoid mortality rate of nearly 5 times the national average. The cause was bad sanitation. Typhoid rates dropped dramatically as the community adopted pragmatic solutions. Lumsden helped organize a \u201cDo It Now\u201d sanitation campaign and one of the country's first city\u2013county health units. Yakima provided a model for other rural areas and small towns across the country. <\/jats:p><jats:p> This episode in one of the country's most productive fruit-growing regions raised serious questions regarding the geographic dynamics of disease. For Lumsden and other like-minded health officials, the countryside represented a dangerous reservoir of disease, a particular threat to the nation's agriculturally dependent urban populations. Yakima showed that the country needed a more comprehensive public health system that addressed urban and rural problems. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2105\/ajph.91.11.1768","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,29]],"date-time":"2008-11-29T13:33:29Z","timestamp":1227965609000},"page":"1768-1775","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["\u201cDo It Now!\u201d Yakima, Wash, and the Campaign Against Rural Typhoid"],"prefix":"10.2105","volume":"91","author":[{"given":"Nicholas","family":"Casner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The author is with the Department of History, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"844","container-title":["American Journal of Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/ajph.aphapublications.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.2105\/AJPH.91.11.1768","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,9]],"date-time":"2022-05-09T22:36:09Z","timestamp":1652135769000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ajph.aphapublications.org\/doi\/full\/10.2105\/AJPH.91.11.1768"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2001,11]]},"references-count":0,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.2105\/AJPH.91.11.1768"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2105\/ajph.91.11.1768","relation":{},"ISSN":["0090-0036","1541-0048"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0090-0036","type":"print"},{"value":"1541-0048","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2001,11]]}}}