{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T17:09:23Z","timestamp":1776877763377,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"American Public Health Association","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Am J Public Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,6,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> OBJECTIVES: Gonorrhea cases among men who have sex with men (MSM) declined in the early years of the HIV epidemic. We evaluated more recent trends in gonorrhea among MSM through the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Gonococcal Isolate Surveillance Project. METHODS: Isolates and case information were collected from 29 US sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinics. Gonococcal urethritis cases among MSM were compared with those among heterosexual men, and cases among MSM in 1995 to 1999 were compared with earlier MSM cases. RESULTS: Of 34,942 cases, the proportion represented by MSM increased from 4.5% in 1992 to 13.2% in 1999 (P &lt; .001). Compared with heterosexuals, MSM were older, more often White, and more often had had gonorrhea previously, although fewer had had gonorrhea in the past year. MSM with gonorrhea in 1995 to 1999 were slightly older than those with gonorrhea in 1992 to 1994, and a higher proportion had had gonorrhea in the past year. CONCLUSIONS: MSM account for an increasing proportion of gonococcal urethritis cases in STD clinics. Given recent evidence that gonorrhea may facilitate HIV transmission, these trends demand increased attention to safe sexual behaviors and reducing STDs among MSM. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2105\/ajph.91.6.959","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,29]],"date-time":"2008-11-29T13:33:29Z","timestamp":1227965609000},"page":"959-964","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":97,"title":["Gonorrhea in the HIV era: a reversal in trends among men who have sex with men"],"prefix":"10.2105","volume":"91","member":"844","reference":[{"key":"p_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(83)90138-1"},{"key":"p_2","first-page":"295","volume":"33","author":"Centers for Disease Control","year":"1984","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep."},{"key":"p_3","first-page":"469","volume":"143","author":"Handsfield HH","year":"1985","journal-title":"West J Med."},{"key":"p_4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.79.4.501"},{"key":"p_5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.80.8.978"},{"key":"p_6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.89.7.1093"},{"key":"p_7","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Resurgent bacterial sexually transmitted disease among men who have sex with men-King County, Washington, 1997-1999. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1999;48:773-777."},{"key":"p_8","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Increases in unsafe sex and rectal gonorrhea among men who have sex with men-San Francisco, California, 1994-1997. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1999;48:45-48."},{"key":"p_9","unstructured":"National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing. M100-38. Wayne, Pa: National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards; 1998."},{"key":"p_10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1990.03450110059027"},{"key":"p_11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/516472"},{"key":"p_12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007435-199808000-00011"},{"key":"p_13","first-page":"92","volume":"91","author":"Heckman TG","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Natl Med Assoc."},{"key":"p_14","first-page":"889","volume":"46","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"1997","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep."},{"key":"p_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.37.2.432-438.1982","volume":"37","author":"Morse SA","year":"1982","journal-title":"Infect Immun."},{"key":"p_16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/315510"},{"key":"p_17","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Gonorrhea-United States, 1998. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2000;49:538-542."},{"key":"p_18","unstructured":"Division of STD Prevention. Sexually Transmitted Disease Surveillance, 1999. Atlanta, Ga: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; September 2000."},{"key":"p_19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.84.12.1933"},{"key":"p_20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1994.03520060049031"},{"key":"p_21","first-page":"1999","volume":"97","author":"Simon PA","year":"1995","journal-title":"California"},{"key":"p_22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1055-3290(98)80020-4"},{"key":"p_23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199908200-00013"},{"key":"p_24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00042560-199810010-00004"},{"key":"p_25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199810000-00001"},{"key":"p_26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199301000-00015"},{"key":"p_27","first-page":"150","volume":"71","author":"Craib KJP","year":"1995","journal-title":"Genitourin Med."},{"key":"p_28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(97)02190-9"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/ajph.aphapublications.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.2105\/AJPH.91.6.959","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,9]],"date-time":"2022-05-09T23:06:09Z","timestamp":1652137569000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ajph.aphapublications.org\/doi\/full\/10.2105\/AJPH.91.6.959"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2001,6,1]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2001,6,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.2105\/AJPH.91.6.959"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2105\/ajph.91.6.959","relation":{},"ISSN":["0090-0036","1541-0048"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0090-0036","type":"print"},{"value":"1541-0048","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2001,6,1]]}}}