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Proportional decreases were smallest among African American women, women in the South, and persons infected through heterosexual contact, HIV incidence has been roughly constant since 1992 in most populations with time trend data, remains highest among men who have sex with men and injection drug users, and typically is higher among African Americans than other racial\/ethnic groups. CONCLUSIONS: The epidemic increasingly affects women minorities, persons infected through heterosexual contact, and the poor. Renewed interest and investment in HIV and AIDS surveillance and surveillance of behaviors associated with HIV transmission are essential to direct resources for prevention to populations with greatest need and to evaluate intervention programs. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2105\/ajph.91.7.1060","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,11,29]],"date-time":"2008-11-29T13:33:29Z","timestamp":1227965609000},"page":"1060-1068","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":328,"title":["HIV in the United States at the turn of the century: an epidemic in transition"],"prefix":"10.2105","volume":"91","member":"844","reference":[{"key":"p_2","unstructured":"New York City 1994-1995 Longitudinal study (STD clinic) 3.3 (1.2, 7.2) 13"},{"key":"p_3","unstructured":"New York City 1993-1995 Cohort 2.9 (1.7, 4.9) 14"},{"key":"p_4","unstructured":"Cities 1993-1995 Cohort 2.3 (1.7, 2.9) 15"},{"key":"p_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cities 1994-1995 Cohort 1.5 (1.2, 1.9) 16","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9639.1994.tb00671.x"},{"key":"p_6","unstructured":"Seattle, Wash 1995-1996 Cohort 1.3 (0.4, 3.0) 17"},{"key":"p_7","unstructured":"Cities 1991-1996 RB (STD clinics) 2.1 (1.6, 2.8) 18"},{"key":"p_8","unstructured":"San Francisco, Calif 1996-1998 STARHS (anonymous 2.1 (1.3, 3.3) 19"},{"key":"p_9","first-page":"1","volume":"48","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"1999","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep."},{"key":"p_10","unstructured":"National HIV Prevalence Surveys, 1997 Summary. 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