{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T02:55:27Z","timestamp":1791341727370,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"American Public Health Association","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Am J Public Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> In 1876, Robert Koch established anthrax as the first disease linked to a microbial agent. But Koch\u2019s efforts had followed more than 150 years of scientific progress in characterizing anthrax as a specific human and veterinary disease. <\/jats:p><jats:p> Focusing on France and the period between 1769 and 1780, this brief review examines noteworthy early events in the characterization of anthrax. It suggests that some \u201cnew\u201d diseases like anthrax might be \u201cdiscovered\u201d not only by luck, brilliance, or new technologies, but by clinical\/epidemiological \u201cpuzzle-fitting,\u201d which can assemble a cohesive picture of a seemingly specific disease entity. <\/jats:p><jats:p> If such processes have operated over 2 or more centuries, studying them may yield clues about desirable interactions between epidemiology\/public health and experimental science in the characterization of new diseases. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2105\/ajph.93.6.886","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,2]],"date-time":"2008-12-02T00:04:35Z","timestamp":1228176275000},"page":"886-893","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Characterizing a \u201cNew\u201d Disease: Epizootic and Epidemic Anthrax, 1769\u20131780"],"prefix":"10.2105","volume":"93","author":[{"given":"David M.","family":"Morens","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"David M. Morens is with the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md, and the University of Hawaii School of Medicine, Honolulu."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"844","reference":[{"key":"R2","unstructured":"Koch R. Die Aetiologie der Milzbrand-Krankheit, begr\u00fcndet auf die Entwicklungsgeschichte des Bacillus Anthracis. Beitr\u00e4ge zur Biologie der Pflanzen 1876;2:277\u2013310, 11 figures."},{"key":"R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0025727300044689"},{"key":"R6","unstructured":"Pollender FAA. Mikroskopische und mikrochemische Untersuchung des Milzbrandblutes, so wie \u00fcber Wesen und Kur des Milzbrandes. Vierteljahrsschrift f\u00fcr gerichtliche und \u00f6ffentliche Medicin. 1855;8:103\u2013114."},{"key":"R7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brauell FA. Versuche und Untersuchungen betreffend den Milzbrand des Menschen und der Thiere. Archiv f\u00fcr pathologische Anatomie und Physiologie und f\u00fcr klinische Medicin. Neue Folge. 1857;11:132\u2013144.","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02012877"},{"key":"R8","unstructured":"Delafond H-M-O. [Untitled discussions \u201csur la maladie r\u00e9gnante,\u201d s\u00e9ances de 22 mars et 10 mai 1860.] Recueil de m\u00e9decine v\u00e9t\u00e9rinaire. 1860;37:574, 726\u2013748."},{"key":"R9","unstructured":"Davaine CJ. Recherches sur les infusoires du sang dans la maladie connue sous le nom de sang de rate. Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des s\u00e9ances de l\u2019Acad\u00e9mie des Sciences (Paris). 1863;57:220\u2013223."},{"key":"R10","unstructured":"Davaine CJ. Recherches relatives \u00e0 l\u2019action des substances dites antiseptiques sur le virus charbonneux. Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des s\u00e9ances de l\u2019Acad\u00e9mie des Sciences (Paris). 1873;77:821\u2013825."},{"key":"R17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0025727300035687"},{"key":"R19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bates T. A brief account of the contagious disease which raged among the milch cows near London, in the year 1714. And the methods that were taken for suppressing it. Philosophical Transactions [of the Royal Society of London]. 1718;30:872\u2013885.","DOI":"10.1098\/rstl.1717.0042"},{"key":"R25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0810.020173"},{"key":"R37","unstructured":"Hanaway CC. The Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 royale de m\u00e9decine and epidemics in the ancien r\u00e9gime. Bull Hist Med. 1972;46:257\u2013273."},{"key":"R44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a116135"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/ajph.aphapublications.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.2105\/AJPH.93.6.886","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,9]],"date-time":"2022-05-09T22:11:54Z","timestamp":1652134314000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ajph.aphapublications.org\/doi\/full\/10.2105\/AJPH.93.6.886"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2003,6]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.2105\/AJPH.93.6.886"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2105\/ajph.93.6.886","relation":{},"ISSN":["0090-0036","1541-0048"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0090-0036","type":"print"},{"value":"1541-0048","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2003,6]]}}}