{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T14:24:48Z","timestamp":1791296688386,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"American Public Health Association","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Am J Public Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Objectives. We measured the extent to which a set of psychosocial health problems have an additive effect on increasing HIV risk among men who have sex with men (MSM).<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Methods. We conducted a cross-sectional household probability telephone sample of MSM in Chicago, Los Angeles, New York, and San Francisco.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Results. Psychosocial health problems are highly intercorrelated among urban MSM. Greater numbers of health problems are significantly and positively associated with high-risk sexual behavior and HIV infection.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Conclusions. AIDS prevention among MSM has overwhelmingly focused on sexual risk alone. Other health problems among MSM not only are important in their own right, but also may interact to increase HIV risk. HIV prevention might become more effective by addressing the broader health concerns of MSM while also focusing on sexual risks.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2105\/ajph.93.6.939","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,1]],"date-time":"2008-12-01T19:04:35Z","timestamp":1228158275000},"page":"939-942","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":777,"title":["Association of Co-Occurring Psychosocial Health Problems and Increased Vulnerability to HIV\/AIDS Among Urban Men Who Have Sex With Men"],"prefix":"10.2105","volume":"93","author":[{"given":"Ron","family":"Stall","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ron Stall, John Williamson, and Trevor Hart are with the Prevention Research Branch, Division of HIV\/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Ga. Hart is also with Emory University, Atlanta. Thomas C. Mills, Greg Greenwood, Jay Paul, Lance Pollack, Diane Binson, Dennis Osmond, and Joseph A. Catania are with the Center for AIDS Prevention Studies and AIDS Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas C.","family":"Mills","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ron Stall, John Williamson, and Trevor Hart are with the Prevention Research Branch, Division of HIV\/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Ga. Hart is also with Emory University, Atlanta. Thomas C. Mills, Greg Greenwood, Jay Paul, Lance Pollack, Diane Binson, Dennis Osmond, and Joseph A. Catania are with the Center for AIDS Prevention Studies and AIDS Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Williamson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ron Stall, John Williamson, and Trevor Hart are with the Prevention Research Branch, Division of HIV\/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Ga. Hart is also with Emory University, Atlanta. Thomas C. Mills, Greg Greenwood, Jay Paul, Lance Pollack, Diane Binson, Dennis Osmond, and Joseph A. Catania are with the Center for AIDS Prevention Studies and AIDS Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Trevor","family":"Hart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ron Stall, John Williamson, and Trevor Hart are with the Prevention Research Branch, Division of HIV\/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Ga. Hart is also with Emory University, Atlanta. Thomas C. Mills, Greg Greenwood, Jay Paul, Lance Pollack, Diane Binson, Dennis Osmond, and Joseph A. Catania are with the Center for AIDS Prevention Studies and AIDS Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Greg","family":"Greenwood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ron Stall, John Williamson, and Trevor Hart are with the Prevention Research Branch, Division of HIV\/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Ga. Hart is also with Emory University, Atlanta. Thomas C. Mills, Greg Greenwood, Jay Paul, Lance Pollack, Diane Binson, Dennis Osmond, and Joseph A. Catania are with the Center for AIDS Prevention Studies and AIDS Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jay","family":"Paul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ron Stall, John Williamson, and Trevor Hart are with the Prevention Research Branch, Division of HIV\/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Ga. Hart is also with Emory University, Atlanta. Thomas C. Mills, Greg Greenwood, Jay Paul, Lance Pollack, Diane Binson, Dennis Osmond, and Joseph A. 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Catania are with the Center for AIDS Prevention Studies and AIDS Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diane","family":"Binson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ron Stall, John Williamson, and Trevor Hart are with the Prevention Research Branch, Division of HIV\/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Ga. Hart is also with Emory University, Atlanta. Thomas C. Mills, Greg Greenwood, Jay Paul, Lance Pollack, Diane Binson, Dennis Osmond, and Joseph A. Catania are with the Center for AIDS Prevention Studies and AIDS Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dennis","family":"Osmond","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ron Stall, John Williamson, and Trevor Hart are with the Prevention Research Branch, Division of HIV\/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Ga. Hart is also with Emory University, Atlanta. Thomas C. Mills, Greg Greenwood, Jay Paul, Lance Pollack, Diane Binson, Dennis Osmond, and Joseph A. 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