{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T09:21:58Z","timestamp":1787908918945,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"American Public Health Association","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Am J Public Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Objectives. I tested the hypothesis that Black men with high levels of distrust (i.e., mild paranoia) are at greater risk of hospitalization for mental health problems than their White counterparts. <\/jats:p><jats:p> Methods. Secondary analysis was conducted of data from a subsample of 180 men in an epidemiological study. Mental health hospitalization was the outcome and ethnicity\/race, mild paranoia, and their interaction were main predictors in a logistic regression analysis. The ethnicity\/race by mild paranoia interaction tested the study hypothesis. <\/jats:p><jats:p> Results. The ethnicity\/race by mild paranoia interaction was statistically significant. Contrary to the hypothesis, Black men with mild paranoia were less likely to be hospitalized. <\/jats:p><jats:p> Conclusions. Black men\u2019s lack of trust regarding the mental health system may cause them not to seek services. Factors critical to increasing their trust are acknowledgment of racial biases in the mental health system and sincere efforts to eliminate racial disparities in mental health treatment. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2105\/ajph.94.1.78","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,2]],"date-time":"2008-12-02T01:58:24Z","timestamp":1228183104000},"page":"78-81","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Ethnicity\/Race, Paranoia, and Hospitalization for Mental Health Problems Among Men"],"prefix":"10.2105","volume":"94","author":[{"given":"Arthur L.","family":"Whaley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"At the time of the study, the author was with the New York State Psychiatric Institute. Requests for reprints should be addressed to Arthur L. Whaley PhD, DrPh, 327 Edgecombe Ave, Suite 8, New York, NY 10031 (e-mail: )."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"844","reference":[{"key":"R1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.140.12.1571"},{"key":"R2","unstructured":"Strakowski SM, Shelton RC, Kolbrener ML. The effects of race and comorbidity on clinical diagnosis in patients with psychosis. J Clin Psychiatry. 1993;54:96\u2013102."},{"key":"R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2137177"},{"key":"R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2136701"},{"key":"R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.67.3.387"},{"key":"R6","unstructured":"Garyali V. \u201cThe color of suspicion\u201d: race profiling or racism? J Am Acad Psychiatry Law. 1999;27:630\u2013632."},{"key":"R7","unstructured":"Terrell F, Terrell SL. An inventory to measure cultural mistrust among blacks. 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