{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]],"date-time":"2026-07-25T16:41:33Z","timestamp":1784997693612,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"American Public Health Association","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Am J Public Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Objectives. The authors examined HIV risk behaviors among African American, Asian\/Pacific Islander (API), and Latina male-to-female (MTF) transgender persons in order to improve HIV prevention programs.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Methods. Individual survey interviews with MTF transgender persons of color (n = 332; 112 African Americans, 110 Latinas, and 110 APIs) were conducted.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Results. Prevalence and correlates of receptive anal sex and unprotected receptive anal sex (URAS) varied by type of partner (primary, casual, or commercial sex partners). URAS with primary partners was associated with drug use before sex; URAS with casual partners was associated with HIV-positive status and drug use before sex; and URAS with commercial sex partners was associated with African American ethnicity and low income.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Conclusions. Findings on current risk behaviors among MTF transgender persons provided meaningful implications for HIV prevention interventions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2105\/ajph.94.7.1193","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,2]],"date-time":"2008-12-02T01:58:24Z","timestamp":1228183104000},"page":"1193-1199","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":215,"title":["HIV Risk Behaviors Among Male-to-Female Transgender Persons of Color in San Francisco"],"prefix":"10.2105","volume":"94","author":[{"given":"Tooru","family":"Nemoto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The authors are with the Center for AIDS Prevention Studies, University of California, San Francisco."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Don","family":"Operario","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The authors are with the Center for AIDS Prevention Studies, University of California, San Francisco."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"JoAnne","family":"Keatley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The authors are with the Center for AIDS Prevention Studies, University of California, San Francisco."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The authors are with the Center for AIDS Prevention Studies, University of California, San Francisco."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toho","family":"Soma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The authors are with the Center for AIDS Prevention Studies, University of California, San Francisco."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"844","reference":[{"key":"R2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.91.6.915"},{"key":"R3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.83.2.260"},{"key":"R4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09540129208251622"},{"key":"R5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09540120220098008"},{"key":"R6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.82.4.590"},{"key":"R7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09540129947938"},{"key":"R8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200012220-00024"},{"key":"R9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/apc.1996.10.299"},{"key":"R10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.91.6.897"},{"key":"R11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.91.6.869"},{"key":"R12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00126334-200112010-00012"},{"key":"R13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09540129850124028"},{"key":"R14","unstructured":"Nemoto T, Sausa LA, Operario D, Keatley J. Need for HIV\/AIDS education and intervention for MTF transgenders: responding to the challenge.J Homosex.In press."},{"key":"R15","unstructured":"Nemoto T, Operario D, Keatley J, Oggins J, Villegas D. Social context of HIV risk behaviors among male-to-female transgenders of color.AIDS Care.In press."},{"key":"R16","unstructured":"Nemoto T, Operario D, Keatley JG. Health and social services for male-to-female transgenders of color in San Francisco.Int J Transgenderism.In press."},{"key":"R19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"O\u2019Leary A. Women at risk for HIV from a primary partner: balancing risk and intimacy.Annu Rev Sex Res.2000;11:191\u2013234.","DOI":"10.1080\/10532528.2000.10559788"},{"key":"R20","unstructured":"Westhoff WW, McDermott RJ, Holcomb DR. HIV-related knowledge and behavior of commercial sex workers: a tale of three cities.Int Electronic J Health Educ.2000;3:55\u201363."},{"key":"R21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/her\/14.2.177"},{"key":"R22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1026511822410"},{"key":"R23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199103000-00016"},{"key":"R24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0149-7189(94)90035-3"}],"container-title":["American Journal of Public Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/ajph.aphapublications.org\/doi\/pdf\/10.2105\/AJPH.94.7.1193","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,5]],"date-time":"2025-02-05T02:00:32Z","timestamp":1738720832000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/ajph.aphapublications.org\/doi\/full\/10.2105\/AJPH.94.7.1193"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,7]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.2105\/AJPH.94.7.1193"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2105\/ajph.94.7.1193","relation":{},"ISSN":["0090-0036","1541-0048"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0090-0036","type":"print"},{"value":"1541-0048","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,7]]}}}