{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T14:11:04Z","timestamp":1785593464960,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"American Public Health Association","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Am J Public Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> Among 684 sexually active women with pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) followed up for a mean of 35 months, we related contraceptive use to self-reported PID recurrence, chronic pelvic pain, and infertility. Persistent use of condoms during the study reduced the risk of recurrent PID, chronic pelvic pain, and infertility. Consistent condom use (about 60% of encounters) at baseline also reduced these risks, after adjustment for confounders, by 30% to 60%. Self-reported persistent and consistent condom use was associated with lower rates of PID sequelae. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2105\/ajph.94.8.1327","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,2]],"date-time":"2008-12-02T01:58:24Z","timestamp":1228183104000},"page":"1327-1329","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":63,"title":["Condom Use and the Risk of Recurrent Pelvic Inflammatory Disease, Chronic Pelvic Pain, or Infertility Following an Episode of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease"],"prefix":"10.2105","volume":"94","author":[{"given":"Roberta B.","family":"Ness","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Roberta B. Ness, Richard L. Sweet, Debra C. Bass, and Kevin E. Kip are with the University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa. Hugh Randall is with Emory University, Atlanta, Ga. Holley E. Richter and Richard L. Sweet are with the University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham. Jeffrey F. Peipert and Andrea Montagno are with Women and Infants Hospital, Providence, RI. David E. Soper is with the Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston. Deborah B. Nelson is with the University of Pennsylvania,..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hugh","family":"Randall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Roberta B. Ness, Richard L. Sweet, Debra C. Bass, and Kevin E. Kip are with the University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa. Hugh Randall is with Emory University, Atlanta, Ga. Holley E. Richter and Richard L. Sweet are with the University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham. Jeffrey F. Peipert and Andrea Montagno are with Women and Infants Hospital, Providence, RI. David E. Soper is with the Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston. Deborah B. Nelson is with the University of Pennsylvania,..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Holly E.","family":"Richter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Roberta B. Ness, Richard L. Sweet, Debra C. Bass, and Kevin E. Kip are with the University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa. Hugh Randall is with Emory University, Atlanta, Ga. Holley E. Richter and Richard L. Sweet are with the University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham. Jeffrey F. Peipert and Andrea Montagno are with Women and Infants Hospital, Providence, RI. David E. Soper is with the Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston. Deborah B. Nelson is with the University of Pennsylvania,..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey F.","family":"Peipert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Roberta B. Ness, Richard L. Sweet, Debra C. Bass, and Kevin E. Kip are with the University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa. Hugh Randall is with Emory University, Atlanta, Ga. Holley E. Richter and Richard L. Sweet are with the University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham. Jeffrey F. Peipert and Andrea Montagno are with Women and Infants Hospital, Providence, RI. David E. Soper is with the Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston. Deborah B. Nelson is with the University of Pennsylvania,..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Montagno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Roberta B. Ness, Richard L. Sweet, Debra C. Bass, and Kevin E. Kip are with the University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa. Hugh Randall is with Emory University, Atlanta, Ga. Holley E. Richter and Richard L. Sweet are with the University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham. Jeffrey F. Peipert and Andrea Montagno are with Women and Infants Hospital, Providence, RI. David E. Soper is with the Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston. Deborah B. Nelson is with the University of Pennsylvania,..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David E.","family":"Soper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Roberta B. Ness, Richard L. Sweet, Debra C. Bass, and Kevin E. 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Soper is with the Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston. Deborah B. Nelson is with the University of Pennsylvania,..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deborah B.","family":"Nelson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Roberta B. Ness, Richard L. Sweet, Debra C. Bass, and Kevin E. Kip are with the University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa. Hugh Randall is with Emory University, Atlanta, Ga. Holley E. Richter and Richard L. Sweet are with the University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham. Jeffrey F. Peipert and Andrea Montagno are with Women and Infants Hospital, Providence, RI. David E. Soper is with the Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston. Deborah B. Nelson is with the University of Pennsylvania,..."}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diane","family":"Schubeck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Roberta B. Ness, Richard L. Sweet, Debra C. Bass, and Kevin E. 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