{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T14:35:35Z","timestamp":1787754935009,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"13","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Emerging data suggest that human cells derived from extraembryonic tissues may have favorable musculoskeletal repair properties. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the injection of human placenta-derived mesenchymal-like stromal cells, termed\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">placental expanded cells (PLX-PAD),<\/jats:italic>\n                      would improve tendon healing in a preclinical model of tendinopathy.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Sixty male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent bilateral patellar tendon injection with either saline solution (control) or PLX-PAD cells (2 \u00d7 10\n                      <jats:sup>6<\/jats:sup>\n                      cells\/100 \u00b5L) 6 days after collagenase injection to induce tendon degeneration. Animals were killed at specific time points for biomechanical, histological, and gene expression analyses of the healing patellar tendons.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Biomechanical testing 2 weeks after the collagenase injury demonstrated better biomechanical properties in the tendons treated with PLX-PAD cells. The load to failure of the PLX-PAD-treated tendons was higher than that of the saline-solution-treated controls at 2 weeks (77.01 \u00b1 10.51 versus 58.87 \u00b1 11.97 N, p = 0.01). There was no significant difference between the 2 groups at 4 weeks. There were no differences in stiffness at either time point. Semiquantitative histological analysis demonstrated no significant differences in collagen organization or cellularity between the PLX-PAD and saline-solution-treated tendons. Gene expression analysis demonstrated higher levels of interleukin-1\u03b2 (IL-1\u03b2) and IL-6 early in the healing process in the PLX-PAD-treated tendons.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Human placenta-derived cell therapy induced an early inflammatory response and a transient beneficial effect on tendon failure load in a model of collagenase-induced tendon degeneration.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical Relevance:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Human extraembryonic tissues, such as the placenta, are an emerging source of cells for musculoskeletal repair and may hold promise as a point-of-care cell therapy for tendon injuries.<\/jats:p>\n                  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