{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T14:38:51Z","timestamp":1787755131915,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Promising short-term outcomes after pectoralis major tendon transfer for the treatment of an irreparable anterosuperior rotator cuff tear have been reported. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the long-term outcome.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twenty-seven consecutive patients with irreparable anterosuperior rotator cuff tears without advanced cuff arthropathy or advanced humeral head migration were treated with a partial subcoracoid pectoralis major tendon transfer between 2004 and 2005. At an average of 10 years (range, 9 to 11 years) postoperatively, 22 patients (82%) with an average age of 62 years (range, 42 to 74 years) at the time of surgery had a long-term follow-up examination that included the pain score, strength and range-of-motion assessment, Constant score, Simple Shoulder Test (SST), as well as radiographic and ultrasonographic imaging. The long-term results were compared with the preoperative findings as well as the short-term results that were collected from a previous evaluation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The adjusted Constant score increased from 54% to 87% at the short-term follow-up (p &lt; 0.001) and remained improved at the long-term follow-up, with a mean score of 83% (p = 0.001). While the significant improvement of the pain level at the short-term follow-up was maintained at the time of final follow-up (p = 0.001), the increase in strength returned to the preoperative level (p = 0.178), and the improvement in range of motion diminished again over time despite remaining significantly improved (p = 0.029), especially with regard to internal rotation (p &lt; 0.001). At the long-term follow-up, 77% of the patients were very satisfied with the procedure. A third of the patients had no progression of cuff arthropathy, a third had progression by 1 grade, and a third had progression by \u22652 grades. At the time of final follow-up, 1 patient (5%) had undergone revision surgery to reverse shoulder arthroplasty.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pectoralis major tendon transfer for the treatment of irreparable anterosuperior rotator cuff tears results in a significant clinical improvement even 10 years after surgery, especially with respect to pain and internal rotation. Despite long-term radiographic progression of cuff arthropathy, patient satisfaction remains high over time, with a low rate of salvage with reverse shoulder arthroplasty.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Level of Evidence:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Therapeutic\n                      <jats:underline>Level IV<\/jats:underline>\n                      . See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2106\/jbjs.16.00485","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,10]],"date-time":"2017-02-10T07:15:11Z","timestamp":1486710911000},"page":"239-245","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":74,"title":["Long-Term Outcome After Pectoralis Major Transfer for Irreparable Anterosuperior Rotator Cuff Tears"],"prefix":"10.2106","volume":"99","author":[{"given":"Philipp","family":"Moroder","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Traumatology and Sports Injuries, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria"},{"name":"Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Campus Virchow, Charit\u00e9-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Schulz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Traumatology and Sports Injuries, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marian","family":"Mitterer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Traumatology and Sports Injuries, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabian","family":"Plachel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Traumatology and Sports Injuries, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Herbert","family":"Resch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Traumatology and Sports Injuries, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Lederer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Traumatology and Sports Injuries, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"bib1-20230810","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-5919(20)30583-4","article-title":"Mechanics of glenohumeral instability","volume":"10","author":"Matsen","year":"1991","journal-title":"Clin Sports Med."},{"issue":"6","key":"bib2-20230810","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.5435\/00124635-200706000-00003","article-title":"Rotator cuff tear arthropathy","volume":"15","author":"Ecklund","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Am Acad Orthop Surg."},{"issue":"8","key":"bib3-20230810","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1742","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200608000-00008","article-title":"Reverse total shoulder arthroplasty. 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