{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T22:20:59Z","timestamp":1791411659045,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"16","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Orthopaedic procedures for degenerative musculoskeletal conditions (predominantly osteoarthritis and spinal stenosis) represent an increasing burden on the health-care system. These procedures are also associated with adverse event rates and related cost. The objective of this study was to identify risk factors for adverse events associated with orthopaedic surgeries as captured within a common clinical point-of-care system for documenting adverse events (Orthopaedic Surgical AdVerse Events Severity [OrthoSAVES] system).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In-hospital adverse events were recorded at the point of care over a 2-year period for inpatient elective knee, hip, and spine orthopaedic procedures for degenerative musculoskeletal conditions. Multivariable logistic regression was employed to investigate the association between various factors (age, sex, surgical site, body mass index, surgical risk classification, operative duration, length of stay, and medical comorbidities) and the occurrence of adverse events.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The sample included 2,146 patients. The overall adverse event rate was 27% (571 of 2,146), and by surgical site, the rates were 29% (130 of 442) for spine; 27% (266 of 998) for knee; and 25% (175 of 706) for hip. The most common adverse events had a low severity grade, but spinal procedures demonstrated more adverse events with a severity grade of \u22653. Increasing age (odds ratio [OR] = 1.21, 95% confidence interval [CI] =1.05 to 1.41, per 15-year interval), male sex (OR = 1.43, 95% CI =1.16 to 1.77), increasing operative duration (OR = 1.13, 95% CI = 1.03 to 1.23, per 30-minute increase), length of stay (OR = 1.13, 95% CI = 1.10 to 1.17, per day), and undergoing revision surgery (OR = 2.23, 95% CI = 1.35 to 3.70) were independently associated with a greater likelihood of the occurrence of an adverse event. Spine surgery demonstrated decreased odds of an adverse event compared with knee surgery (OR = 0.38, 95% CI = 0.23 to 0.61) when operative duration and length of stay were taken into account.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>On the basis of our adjusted analysis, we found increasing age, male sex, revision surgery, length of stay, and increasing operative duration to be common independent risk factors for an adverse event across the population studied. The first 3 risk factors are not modifiable. The association between increasing operative duration and the risk of an adverse event across all anatomical regions and surgical procedures is a unique finding. However, modification of procedural efficiency is multifactorial and warrants further investigation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Level of Evidence:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Therapeutic\n                      <jats:underline>Level III<\/jats:underline>\n                      . See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2106\/jbjs.16.00843","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,16]],"date-time":"2017-08-16T15:40:37Z","timestamp":1502898037000},"page":"1365-1372","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Factors Associated with Adverse Events in Inpatient Elective Spine, Knee, and Hip Orthopaedic Surgery"],"prefix":"10.2106","volume":"99","author":[{"given":"Dov B.","family":"Millstone","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Care and Outcomes Research, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony V.","family":"Perruccio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Care and Outcomes Research, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Arthritis Program, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth M.","family":"Badley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Care and Outcomes Research, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Arthritis Program, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Y. Raja","family":"Rampersaud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Arthritis Program, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"bib3-20230810","first-page":"1719","article-title":"The functional outcomes of total knee arthroplasty","volume":"87","author":"Kane","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib4-20230810","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200405000-00012","article-title":"Health-related quality of life in total hip and total knee arthroplasty. A qualitative and systematic review of the literature","volume":"86","author":"Ethgen","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib5-20230810","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"990","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.I.00982","article-title":"American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons clinical practice guideline on the treatment of osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee","volume":"92","author":"Richmond","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib6-20230810","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200704000-00012","article-title":"Projections of primary and revision hip and knee arthroplasty in the United States from 2005 to 2030","volume":"89","author":"Kurtz","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib7-20230810","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2010.11.052","article-title":"Measuring hip outcomes: common scales and checklists","volume":"42","author":"Ahmad","year":"2011","journal-title":"Injury."},{"issue":"9","key":"bib8-20230810","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2073","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.H.01802","article-title":"Fulfillment of patients\u2019 expectations for total hip arthroplasty","volume":"91","author":"Mancuso","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am."},{"issue":"6","key":"bib9-20230810","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.1080\/17453670810016902","article-title":"Knee replacement: epidemiology, outcomes, and trends in Southern California: 17,080 replacements from 1995 through 2004","volume":"79","author":"Khatod","year":"2008","journal-title":"Acta Orthop."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib10-20230810","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.81B4.0810660","article-title":"Health outcome after total knee replacement in the very elderly","volume":"81","author":"Birdsall","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br."},{"key":"bib11-20230810","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199507000-00005","article-title":"Outcome and long-term results following total hip replacement in elderly patients","volume":"316","author":"Levy","year":"1995","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res."},{"issue":"13","key":"bib12-20230810","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1430","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.168.13.1430","article-title":"Joint replacement surgery in elderly patients with severe osteoarthritis of the hip or knee: decision making, postoperative recovery, and clinical outcomes","volume":"168","author":"Hamel","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med."},{"key":"bib13-20230810","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199711000-00010","article-title":"Relationship of total hip arthroplasty outcomes to other orthopaedic procedures","volume":"344","author":"Hozack","year":"1997","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res."},{"issue":"9597","key":"bib14-20230810","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1508","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)60457-7","article-title":"The operation of the century: total hip replacement","volume":"370","author":"Learmonth","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"issue":"13","key":"bib15-20230810","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1503","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000220652.39970.c2","article-title":"Intraoperative adverse events and related postoperative complications in spine surgery: implications for enhancing patient safety founded on evidence-based protocols","volume":"31","author":"Rampersaud","year":"2006","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)."},{"issue":"8","key":"bib16-20230810","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"936","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000158953.57966.c0","article-title":"Long-term outcomes of surgical and nonsurgical management of lumbar spinal stenosis: 8 to 10 year results from the Maine Lumbar Spine Study","volume":"30","author":"Atlas","year":"2005","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib17-20230810","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181913cba","article-title":"Comparison of short-term SF-36 results between total joint arthroplasty and cervical spine decompression and fusion or arthroplasty","volume":"34","author":"Anderson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)."},{"issue":"7","key":"bib18-20230810","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181bf25a3","article-title":"Spine adverse events severity system: content validation and interobserver reliability assessment","volume":"35","author":"Rampersaud","year":"2010","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib21-20230810","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2013.01.003","article-title":"An economic evaluation of perioperative adverse events associated with spinal surgery","volume":"13","author":"Hellsten","year":"2013","journal-title":"Spine J."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib22-20230810","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2008.01.307","article-title":"Trends in demographics, comorbidity profiles, in-hospital complications and mortality associated with primary knee arthroplasty","volume":"24","author":"Memtsoudis","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Arthroplasty."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib23-20230810","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-012-2508-z","article-title":"Determinants of direct medical costs in primary and revision total knee arthroplasty","volume":"471","author":"Maradit Kremers","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib24-20230810","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.21834","article-title":"Patient race and surgical outcomes after total knee arthroplasty: an analysis of a large regional database","volume":"65","author":"Blum","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken)."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib25-20230810","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.3171\/2011.9.SPINE11283","article-title":"Patient comorbidity score predicting the incidence of perioperative complications: assessing the impact of comorbidities on complications in spine surgery","volume":"16","author":"Campbell","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Spine."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib26-20230810","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.3109\/17453674.2011.618907","article-title":"Complications after hip arthroplasty and the association with hospital procedure volume","volume":"82","author":"de Vries","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acta Orthop."},{"issue":"6","key":"bib27-20230810","first-page":"565","article-title":"Complications after total knee arthroplasty: a comprehensive report","volume":"70","author":"Frosch","year":"2004","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Belg."},{"issue":"16","key":"bib28-20230810","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1393","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3182959b68","article-title":"Medicaid status is associated with higher complication rates after spine surgery","volume":"38","author":"Hacquebord","year":"2013","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)."},{"key":"bib29-20230810","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199811000-00015","article-title":"Patient outcomes after knee replacement","volume":"356","author":"Heck","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib30-20230810","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-011-1967-y","article-title":"Age and obesity are risk factors for adverse events after total hip arthroplasty","volume":"470","author":"Huddleston","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib31-20230810","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1007\/s00776-011-0123-6","article-title":"Perioperative complications and adverse events after lumbar spinal surgery: evaluation of 1012 operations at a single center","volume":"16","author":"Imagama","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Orthop Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib32-20230810","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.12332","article-title":"Role of preoperative anemia for risk of transfusion and postoperative morbidity in fast-track hip and knee arthroplasty","volume":"54","author":"Jans","year":"2014","journal-title":"Transfusion."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib33-20230810","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1186\/1754-9493-4-12","article-title":"Adverse events in total knee arthroplasty: results of a physician independent survey in 260 patients","volume":"4","author":"Kirschner","year":"2010","journal-title":"Patient Saf Surg."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib34-20230810","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2011.11.008","article-title":"Risk factors for medical complication after spine surgery: a multivariate analysis of 1,591 patients","volume":"12","author":"Lee","year":"2012","journal-title":"Spine J."},{"issue":"6","key":"bib35-20230810","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2013.01.047","article-title":"The assessment of complications after spine surgery: time for a paradigm shift?","volume":"13","author":"Mannion","year":"2013","journal-title":"Spine J."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib36-20230810","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1140","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200205000-00017","article-title":"Frequency of myocardial infarction, pulmonary embolism, deep venous thrombosis, and death following primary hip or knee arthroplasty","volume":"96","author":"Mantilla","year":"2002","journal-title":"Anesthesiology."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib37-20230810","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1232","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-013-3316-9","article-title":"Obesity increases length of stay and direct medical costs in total hip arthroplasty","volume":"472","author":"Maradit Kremers","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res."},{"issue":"8","key":"bib38-20230810","first-page":"E72","article-title":"Demographics, outcomes, and risk factors for adverse events associated with primary and revision total hip arthroplasties in the United States","volume":"39","author":"Memtsoudis","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Orthop (Belle Mead NJ)."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib39-20230810","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1445-2197.2012.06227.x","article-title":"Total joint replacement in men: old age, obesity and in-hospital complications","volume":"83","author":"Mnatzaganian","year":"2013","journal-title":"ANZ J Surg."},{"issue":"10","key":"bib40-20230810","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1832","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2012.04.025","article-title":"Factors independently associated with complications and length of stay after hip arthroplasty: analysis of the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program","volume":"27","author":"O\u2019Malley","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Arthroplasty."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib41-20230810","first-page":"175","article-title":"Provider volumes and early outcomes of primary total joint replacement in Ontario","volume":"53","author":"Paterson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Can J Surg."},{"issue":"6","key":"bib42-20230810","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2008.05.011","article-title":"In hospital complications after total joint arthroplasty","volume":"23","author":"Pulido","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Arthroplasty."},{"issue":"17","key":"bib43-20230810","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1577","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.J.01048","article-title":"Risk factors for immediate postoperative complications and mortality following spine surgery: a study of 3475 patients from the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program","volume":"93","author":"Schoenfeld","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am."},{"issue":"12","key":"bib44-20230810","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2082","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2010.148726","article-title":"Cardiac and thromboembolic complications and mortality in patients undergoing total hip and total knee arthroplasty","volume":"70","author":"Singh","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib45-20230810","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1536","DOI":"10.1002\/art.21772","article-title":"Development of a preliminary index that predicts adverse events after total knee replacement","volume":"54","author":"Solomon","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib46-20230810","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2011.05.057","article-title":"Does BMI affect perioperative complications following total knee and hip arthroplasty?","volume":"174","author":"Suleiman","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Surg Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib47-20230810","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.3171\/2010.3.SPINE09806","article-title":"Early complications in spine surgery and relation to preoperative diagnosis: a single-center prospective study","volume":"13","author":"Yadla","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Spine."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib48-20230810","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1097\/BSD.0b013e3181d0d0e8","article-title":"Incidence of early complications in cervical spine surgery and relation to preoperative diagnosis: a single-center prospective study","volume":"24","author":"Yadla","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Spinal Disord Tech."},{"key":"bib49-20230810","first-page":"111","article-title":"New classification of physical status","volume":"24","author":"Dripps","year":"1963","journal-title":"Anesthesiol."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib50-20230810","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2012.02.030","article-title":"Commentary: complications in spine surgery: \u201cthe devil is in the details\u201d","volume":"12","author":"Rampersaud","year":"2012","journal-title":"Spine J."},{"issue":"6","key":"bib51-20230810","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2009.05.001","article-title":"Adverse events after total knee arthroplasty: a national Medicare study","volume":"24","author":"Huddleston","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Arthroplasty."},{"issue":"11","key":"bib52-20230810","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1622","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200111000-00002","article-title":"Association between hospital and surgeon procedure volume and outcomes of total hip replacement in the United States Medicare population","volume":"83","author":"Katz","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am."},{"issue":"9","key":"bib53-20230810","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1909","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200409000-00008","article-title":"Association between hospital and surgeon procedure volume and the outcomes of total knee replacement","volume":"86","author":"Katz","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib54-20230810","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199704000-00003","article-title":"Relationship between the volume of total hip replacements performed by providers and the rates of postoperative complications in the state of Washington","volume":"79","author":"Kreder","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am."},{"issue":"6","key":"bib55-20230810","first-page":"431","article-title":"Are complication rates for elective primary total hip arthroplasty in Ontario related to surgeon and hospital volumes? A preliminary investigation","volume":"41","author":"Kreder","year":"1998","journal-title":"Can J Surg."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib56-20230810","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/S0883-5403(05)80119-6","article-title":"Relationship of surgical volume to short-term mortality, morbidity, and hospital charges in arthroplasty","volume":"10","author":"Lavernia","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Arthroplasty."},{"issue":"9","key":"bib57-20230810","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2363","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-010-1354-0","article-title":"Factors that predict short-term complication rates after total hip arthroplasty","volume":"468","author":"Soohoo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res."},{"issue":"14","key":"bib58-20230810","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e103","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.K.00011","article-title":"Adverse outcomes in hip arthroplasty: long-term trends","volume":"94","author":"Wolf","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib59-20230810","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-012-2352-1","article-title":"Is administratively coded comorbidity and complication data in total joint arthroplasty valid?","volume":"471","author":"Bozic","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res."},{"issue":"10","key":"bib60-20230810","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"856","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-200210000-00004","article-title":"Can administrative data be used to compare postoperative complication rates across hospitals?","volume":"40","author":"Romano","year":"2002","journal-title":"Med Care."},{"issue":"6","key":"bib61-20230810","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1038\/sc.2012.173","article-title":"Use of the Spine Adverse Events Severity System (SAVES) in patients with traumatic spinal cord injury. A comparison with institutional ICD-10 coding for the identification of acute care adverse events","volume":"51","author":"Street","year":"2013","journal-title":"Spinal Cord."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib62-20230810","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2012.09.015","article-title":"Immediate complications following hip and knee arthroplasty: does race matter?","volume":"28","author":"Adelani","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Arthroplasty."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib63-20230810","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.3109\/17453674.2012.752691","article-title":"Predictors of mortality following primary hip and knee replacement in the aged. A single-center analysis of 1,998 primary hip and knee replacements for primary osteoarthritis","volume":"84","author":"J\u00e4msen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Orthop."},{"issue":"6","key":"bib64-20230810","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1402","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-013-2706-8","article-title":"Independent predictors of complication following surgery for spinal metastasis","volume":"22","author":"Lau","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur Spine J."},{"issue":"21","key":"bib65-20230810","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1801","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e318219d28d","article-title":"Risk factors for medical complication after lumbar spine surgery: a multivariate analysis of 767 patients","volume":"36","author":"Lee","year":"2011","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib66-20230810","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e318268ffc9","article-title":"Risk factors for medical complication after cervical spine surgery: a multivariate analysis of 582 patients","volume":"38","author":"Lee","year":"2013","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib67-20230810","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-013-3156-7","article-title":"Perioperative morbidity and mortality of same-day bilateral TKAs: incidence and risk factors","volume":"472","author":"Poultsides","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res."},{"key":"bib68-20230810","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-7-53","article-title":"Towards standardized measurement of adverse events in spine surgery: conceptual model and pilot evaluation","volume":"7","author":"Mirza","year":"2006","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord."},{"issue":"8","key":"bib69-20230810","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2220","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-012-2343-2","article-title":"Reliability of a complication classification system for orthopaedic surgery","volume":"470","author":"Sink","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib70-20230810","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-013-2980-0","article-title":"Stratification of standardized TKA complications and adverse events: a brief communication","volume":"472","author":"Iorio","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib71-20230810","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2013.10.043","article-title":"Predicting medical complications after spine surgery: a validated model using a prospective surgical registry","volume":"14","author":"Lee","year":"2014","journal-title":"Spine J."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib72-20230810","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.M.00018","article-title":"Thirty-day postoperative complications and mortality following total knee arthroplasty: incidence and risk factors among a national sample of 15,321 patients","volume":"96","author":"Belmont","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib73-20230810","first-page":"20","article-title":"Effect of surgical safety checklist implementation on the occurrence of postoperative complications in orthopedic patients","volume":"16","author":"Boaz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Isr Med Assoc J."},{"issue":"5 Pt 1","key":"bib74-20230810","first-page":"1191","article-title":"The effect of hospital volume on the in-hospital complication rate in knee replacement patients","volume":"33","author":"Norton","year":"1998","journal-title":"Health Serv Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib75-20230810","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1097\/00002517-199804000-00006","article-title":"Predisposing factors for infection in spine surgery: a survey of 850 spinal procedures","volume":"11","author":"Wimmer","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Spinal Disord."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib76-20230810","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1007\/s11420-005-0130-2","article-title":"Prolonged operative time correlates with increased infection rate after total knee arthroplasty","volume":"2","author":"Peersman","year":"2006","journal-title":"HSS J."},{"issue":"6","key":"bib77-20230810","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2009.04.027","article-title":"Prosthetic joint infection risk after total hip arthroplasty in the Medicare population","volume":"24","author":"Ong","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Arthroplasty."},{"issue":"9","key":"bib78-20230810","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2008","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2013.11.047","article-title":"Obese class III patients at significantly greater risk of multiple complications after lumbar surgery: an analysis of 10,387 patients in the ACS NSQIP database","volume":"14","author":"Buerba","year":"2014","journal-title":"Spine J."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib79-20230810","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-012-2597-8","article-title":"When do readmissions for infection occur after spine and total joint procedures?","volume":"471","author":"Nacke","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res."},{"issue":"14","key":"bib80-20230810","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1868","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.290.14.1868","article-title":"Excess length of stay, charges, and mortality attributable to medical injuries during hospitalization","volume":"290","author":"Zhan","year":"2003","journal-title":"JAMA."}],"container-title":["Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/00004623-201708160-00005","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T13:40:47Z","timestamp":1787751647000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/00004623-201708160-00005"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,16]]},"references-count":76,"journal-issue":{"issue":"16","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2106\/jbjs.16.00843","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-9355","1535-1386"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-9355","type":"print"},{"value":"1535-1386","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,16]]}}}