{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T14:41:05Z","timestamp":1787755265144,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"13","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We studied children and adolescents with symbrachydactyly to determine whether hand function depends on digit opposability and whether scores for function and quality-of-life measures differ from population norms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Participants were grouped on the basis of hand morphology: Group A lacked opposable digits, and Group B had \u22652 digits that were opposable. The groups were compared with each other and with norms with respect to pinch strength, the performance of bimanual activities and in-hand manipulation, and questionnaires regarding psychosocial status and the ability to perform activities of daily living (ADLs). Participants and parents also rated the appearance and function of the hand.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pinch strength was higher for participants in Group B (4.1 compared with 2.4 kg; p = 0.008), but the groups did not differ with respect to the proportion of participants outside of pinch norms. Participants in Group B were more likely to actively use their affected hand to perform bimanual activities (p \u2264 0.0009), and to use normal or supination strategies to accomplish in-hand manipulation (p = 0.031). The groups did not differ in the proportion of ADLs rated \u201cdifficult\u201d or \u201cimpossible,\u201d and both groups tested within normal limits for psychosocial function. Participants from both groups and their parents rated their satisfaction with hand appearance and function similarly high.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Participants with \u22652 opposable digits incorporated their hand better in bimanual activities and used more effective strategies to accomplish in-hand manipulation than those who did not. These groups reported no difference in the ability to perform ADLs or with psychosocial function, which was within the normal range. Children and adolescents with symbrachydactyly demonstrated and reported a high level of function in all domains of validated function tests. This study provides information to help parents of children with a unilateral hand malformation understand their child\u2019s potential function, and assist surgeons with recommending treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Level of Evidence:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Prognostic\n                      <jats:underline>Level III<\/jats:underline>\n                      . See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2106\/jbjs.16.01283","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,4]],"date-time":"2017-07-04T13:00:01Z","timestamp":1499173201000},"page":"1119-1128","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Functional Assessment of Children and Adolescents with Symbrachydactyly"],"prefix":"10.2106","volume":"99","author":[{"given":"Parker B.","family":"Goodell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Sciences, Division of Biostatistics (S.L.T), Department of Orthopaedic Surgery (M.A.J.), University of California, Davis, School of Medicine (P.B.G.), Sacramento, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea S.","family":"Bauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Boston Children\u2019s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts"},{"name":"Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott","family":"Oishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Charles E. Seay, Jr. Hand Center, Texas Scottish Rite Hospital for Children, Dallas, Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marianne","family":"Arner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Science and Education (M.A.), Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (T.L.), and Center of Molecular Medicine (T.L.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Hand Surgery (M.A. and T.L.), S\u00f6dersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tobias","family":"Laurell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Science and Education (M.A.), Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (T.L.), and Center of Molecular Medicine (T.L.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Hand Surgery (M.A. and T.L.), S\u00f6dersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandra L.","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Sciences, Division of Biostatistics (S.L.T), Department of Orthopaedic Surgery (M.A.J.), University of California, Davis, School of Medicine (P.B.G.), Sacramento, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michelle A.","family":"James","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Sciences, Division of Biostatistics (S.L.T), Department of Orthopaedic Surgery (M.A.J.), University of California, Davis, School of Medicine (P.B.G.), Sacramento, California"},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shriners Hospitals for Children-Northern California, Sacramento, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"bib1-20230714","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1097\/00130911-199912000-00005","article-title":"Symbrachydactyly: a clinical entity","volume":"3","author":"Buck-Gramcko","year":"1999","journal-title":"Tech Hand Up Extrem Surg."},{"issue":"7","key":"bib2-20230714","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1097\/BPO.0b013e318269c898","article-title":"Hand and upper limb anomalies in Poland syndrome: a new proposal of classification","volume":"32","author":"Catena","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop."},{"issue":"11","key":"bib5-20230714","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1742","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2010.07.007","article-title":"Epidemiology of congenital upper limb anomalies in 562 children born in 1997 to 2007: a total population study from Stockholm, Sweden","volume":"35","author":"Ekblom","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib7-20230714","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2015.06.114","article-title":"Symbrachydactyly - diagnosis, function, and treatment","volume":"41","author":"Woodside","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib8-20230714","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198163020-00006","article-title":"A dynamic approach to the thumb-in palm deformity in cerebral palsy","volume":"63","author":"House","year":"1981","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am."},{"issue":"12","key":"bib9-20230714","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2426","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2013.08.123","article-title":"Hand dexterity in children: administration and normative values of the functional dexterity test","volume":"38","author":"Gogola","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am."},{"issue":"6","key":"bib10-20230714","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000138423.77640.37","article-title":"ABILHAND-Kids: a measure of manual ability in children with cerebral palsy","volume":"63","author":"Arnould","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neurology."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib11-20230714","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-011-9958-8","article-title":"Neuro-QOL: quality of life item banks for adults with neurological disorders: item development and calibrations based upon clinical and general population testing","volume":"21","author":"Gershon","year":"2012","journal-title":"Qual Life Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib12-20230714","first-page":"69","article-title":"Grip and pinch strength: normative data for adults","volume":"66","author":"Mathiowetz","year":"1985","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil."},{"issue":"9","key":"bib13-20230714","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1627","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2015.03.018","article-title":"Normative values for grip and pinch strength for 6- to 19-year-olds","volume":"96","author":"McQuiddy","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil."},{"issue":"12","key":"bib14-20230714","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2852","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.H.01108","article-title":"Comparison of self-reports and parent proxy-reports of function and quality of life of children with below-the-elbow deficiency","volume":"91","author":"Sheffler","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am."},{"issue":"11","key":"bib15-20230714","first-page":"2356","article-title":"Impact of prostheses on function and quality of life for children with unilateral congenital below-the-elbow deficiency","volume":"88","author":"James","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am."}],"container-title":["Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/00004623-201707050-00007","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T13:40:19Z","timestamp":1787751619000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/00004623-201707050-00007"}},"subtitle":["A Unilateral Hand Malformation"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,5]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"13","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2106\/jbjs.16.01283","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-9355","1535-1386"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-9355","type":"print"},{"value":"1535-1386","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,5]]}}}