{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T14:37:52Z","timestamp":1787755072148,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"15","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There has been limited published information regarding capitellar fractures in the pediatric population. The purpose of this investigation was to characterize capitellar fracture patterns in children and adolescents and to assess early clinical and radiographic treatment outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective analysis of 37 children and adolescents with capitellar fractures presenting to a tertiary pediatric hospital from 2004 to 2014 was performed. The mean patient age at the time of injury was 11.8 years. Medical records and radiographs were evaluated for fracture pattern, treatment, healing, and complications. Fractures were categorized on the basis of prevailing patterns of injury, and a classification system is proposed that aids in treatment decision-making. Thirty-two patients had follow-up of at least 6 weeks and were included for assessment of treatment outcomes. The mean follow-up was 12.3 months.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Three predominant capitellar fracture patterns were identified. Type-I fractures (n = 25) were anterior shear injuries. Nondisplaced anterior shear fractures were successfully treated with cast immobilization. Displaced anterior shear fractures were treated with open reduction and internal fixation, with good results in a majority of patients. Of the 21 patients with Type-Ib fractures eligible for analysis, 6 (29%) required a secondary surgical procedure for loss of motion related to soft-tissue contracture, osteonecrosis, implant prominence, and\/or intra-articular loose bodies. Type-II fractures (n = 9) were posterolateral shear injuries, typically associated with ulnohumeral dislocations. Among 5 patients with displaced fractures and adequate follow-up, 3 patients were treated nonoperatively and had poor results, with loss of elbow motion or mechanical symptoms, and 2 patients were treated surgically and achieved good functional restoration. Type-III fractures (n = 3) were acute chondral shear injuries, which achieved full restoration of motion after surgical treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A classification of pediatric capitellar fractures is proposed, guiding treatment and prognosis. Nondisplaced fractures heal successfully with cast immobilization. Good results may be expected with surgical fixation of displaced Type-I fractures (anterior shear). Type-II fractures (posterolateral shear) and Type-III fractures (chondral shear) are more subtle; advanced imaging and timely surgical management for displaced injuries are recommended to optimize clinical results.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Level of Evidence:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Therapeutic\n                      <jats:underline>Level IV<\/jats:underline>\n                      . See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2106\/jbjs.16.01393","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,2]],"date-time":"2017-08-02T19:08:46Z","timestamp":1501700926000},"page":"1282-1290","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Capitellar Fractures in Children and Adolescents"],"prefix":"10.2106","volume":"99","author":[{"given":"Praveen G.","family":"Murthy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carley","family":"Vuillermin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Boston Children\u2019s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manahil N.","family":"Naqvi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Boston Children\u2019s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter M.","family":"Waters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Boston Children\u2019s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4965-2395","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Donald S.","family":"Bae","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Boston Children\u2019s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"bib2-20230714","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.5604\/15093492.1135047","article-title":"Capitellar fractures in children","volume":"16","author":"Su\u0142ko","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ortop Traumatol Rehabil."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib3-20230714","first-page":"46","article-title":"Outcome after open reduction and internal fixation of capitellar and trochlear fractures","volume":"88","author":"Dubberley","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib4-20230714","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200302000-00008","article-title":"Articular fractures of the distal part of the humerus","volume":"85","author":"Ring","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib5-20230714","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199601000-00007","article-title":"Coronal shear fractures of the distal end of the humerus","volume":"78","author":"McKee","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am."},{"issue":"8","key":"bib6-20230714","first-page":"1689","article-title":"Accuracy of the Sauvegrain method in determining skeletal age during puberty","volume":"87","author":"Dim\u00e9glio","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am."},{"key":"bib7-20230714","first-page":"185","article-title":"Fall von eine besondere variet der frakturen des ellenbogens","volume":"6","author":"Hahn","year":"1853","journal-title":"Zeitschrift Wund\u00e4rzte und Geburtshelfe."},{"key":"bib9-20230714","first-page":"215","article-title":"Anterolateral approach for an unusual pediatric capitellar fracture: a case report and review of the literature","volume":"32","author":"Cornelius","year":"2012","journal-title":"Iowa Orthop J."},{"key":"bib10-20230714","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1186\/1752-1947-6-57","article-title":"An unusual case of an isolated capitellar fracture of the right elbow in a child: a case report","volume":"6","author":"Gon\u00e7alves Pestana","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Med Case Rep."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib11-20230714","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1097\/01241398-198409000-00019","article-title":"Articular cartilage sleeve fracture of the lateral humeral condyle capitellum: a previously undescribed entity","volume":"4","author":"Agins","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib12-20230714","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.G.00017","article-title":"Acute osteochondral shear fracture of the capitellum in a twelve-year-old patient. A case report","volume":"90","author":"Sodl","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am."},{"key":"bib13-20230714","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198001000-00022","article-title":"Fracture of the capitulum humeri in children: a rare injury, often misdiagnosed","volume":"146","author":"Johansson","year":"1980","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib14-20230714","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1097\/01241398-199705000-00009","article-title":"Fractures of the capitellum in adolescents","volume":"17","author":"Letts","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib15-20230714","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1007\/s002640000160","article-title":"Fractures of the capitellum humeri in adolescents","volume":"24","author":"De Boeck","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int Orthop."},{"issue":"9","key":"bib16-20230714","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1485","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2016.03.013","article-title":"Articular shear injuries of the capitellum in adolescents","volume":"25","author":"Frank","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib17-20230714","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"794","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197456040-00013","article-title":"Fracture of the capitulum humeri. 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