{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T17:48:51Z","timestamp":1790444931718,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Many orthopaedic surgical procedures involve reattachment of a single tendon to bone. Whether tendon-to-bone healing is better facilitated by tendon fixation within a bone tunnel or on a cortical surface is unknown. The purpose of this study was to evaluate tendon-healing within a bone tunnel compared with that on the cortical surface in a rabbit model of biceps tenodesis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Thirty-two rabbits (24 weeks of age) underwent unilateral proximal biceps tenodesis with tendon fixation within a bone tunnel (BT group) or on the cortical surface (SA [surface attachment] group). Postoperatively, rabbits were allowed free-cage activity without immobilization. All rabbits were killed 8 weeks after surgery. Healing was assessed by biomechanical testing, microcomputed tomography (micro-CT), and histomorphometric analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Biomechanical testing demonstrated no significant difference between the groups in mean failure loads (BT: 56.8 \u00b1 28.8 N, SA: 55.8 \u00b1 14.9 N; p = 0.92) or stiffness (BT: 26.3 \u00b1 16.6 N\/mm, SA: 32.3 \u00b1 9.6 N\/mm; p = 0.34). Micro-CT analysis demonstrated no significant difference between the groups in mean volume of newly formed bone (BT: 69.3 \u00b1 13.9 mm\n                      <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                      , SA: 65.5 \u00b1 21.9 mm\n                      <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                      ; p = 0.70) or tissue mineral density of newly formed bone (BT: 721.4 \u00b1 10.9 mg\/cm\n                      <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                      , SA: 698.6 \u00b1 26.2 mg\/cm\n                      <jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\n                      ; p = 0.07). On average, newly formed bone within the tunnel represented only 5% of the total new bone formed in the BT specimens. Histological analysis demonstrated tendon-bone interdigitation and early fibrocartilaginous zone formation on the outer cortical surface in both groups. In contrast, minimal tendon-bone bonding was observed within the tunnel in the BT specimens.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Tendon fixation in a bone tunnel and on the cortical surface resulted in similar healing profiles. For tendons placed within a bone tunnel, intratunnel healing was minimal compared with the healing outside the tunnel on the cortical surface.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical Relevance:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The creation of large bone tunnels, which can lead to stress risers and increase the risk of fracture, may not be necessary for biceps tenodesis procedures.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2106\/jbjs.17.00797","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,21]],"date-time":"2018-03-21T11:06:13Z","timestamp":1521630373000},"page":"479-486","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["Comparison of Bone Tunnel and Cortical Surface Tendon-to-Bone Healing in a Rabbit Model of Biceps Tenodesis"],"prefix":"10.2106","volume":"100","author":[{"given":"Hongbo","family":"Tan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Joint Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Orthopaedic Soft Tissue Research Program (H.T., D.W., A.H.L., I.D.H., L.Y., X.-H.D., S.A.R., and R.F.W.) and Sports Medicine and Shoulder Service (D.W., S.A.R., and R.F.W.), Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3005-1154","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dean","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Joint Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Orthopaedic Soft Tissue Research Program (H.T., D.W., A.H.L., I.D.H., L.Y., X.-H.D., S.A.R., and R.F.W.) and Sports Medicine and Shoulder Service (D.W., S.A.R., and R.F.W.), Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amir H.","family":"Lebaschi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Joint Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Orthopaedic Soft Tissue Research Program (H.T., D.W., A.H.L., I.D.H., L.Y., X.-H.D., S.A.R., and R.F.W.) and Sports Medicine and Shoulder Service (D.W., S.A.R., and R.F.W.), Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ian D.","family":"Hutchinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Joint Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Orthopaedic Soft Tissue Research Program (H.T., D.W., A.H.L., I.D.H., L.Y., X.-H.D., S.A.R., and R.F.W.) and Sports Medicine and Shoulder Service (D.W., S.A.R., and R.F.W.), Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liang","family":"Ying","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Joint Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Orthopaedic Soft Tissue Research Program (H.T., D.W., A.H.L., I.D.H., L.Y., X.-H.D., S.A.R., and R.F.W.) and Sports Medicine and Shoulder Service (D.W., S.A.R., and R.F.W.), Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiang-Hua","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Joint Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Orthopaedic Soft Tissue Research Program (H.T., D.W., A.H.L., I.D.H., L.Y., X.-H.D., S.A.R., and R.F.W.) and Sports Medicine and Shoulder Service (D.W., S.A.R., and R.F.W.), Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott A.","family":"Rodeo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Joint Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Orthopaedic Soft Tissue Research Program (H.T., D.W., A.H.L., I.D.H., L.Y., X.-H.D., S.A.R., and R.F.W.) and Sports Medicine and Shoulder Service (D.W., S.A.R., and R.F.W.), Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Russell F.","family":"Warren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Joint Tissue Repair 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