{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T14:46:56Z","timestamp":1787755616657,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Chronic inflammation is implicated in the development of idiopathic adhesive capsulitis (IAC), whose association with high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP), an inflammation marker, is undetermined. This study\u2019s purposes were to investigate the association between high-sensitivity CRP levels and IAC and to determine the metabolic factors associated with high-sensitivity CRP.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This case-control study examined a group of 202 patients with IAC and without intrinsic shoulder lesions or extrinsic causes and a control group of 606 age and sex-matched persons seeking general check-ups at our health promotion center during the same period as the case group. Control subjects had normal shoulder function and no previously diagnosed adhesive capsulitis; no medication for diabetes, dyslipidemia, and thyroid abnormalities; and no history of trauma or of shoulder surgery. The studied variables were body mass index; diabetes; thyroid abnormalities; dyslipidemias; triglyceride\/high-density lipoprotein (TG\/HDL) &gt;3.5; serum levels of thyroid hormone, fasting glucose, and glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c); and high-sensitivity CRP &gt;1.0 mg\/L. Multivariable conditional logistic regression analysis evaluated the matched sets of subjects. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were determined for the studied variables possibly affecting IAC.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Serum high-sensitivity CRP &gt;1.0 mg\/L was significantly associated with IAC (OR, 2.47 [95% CI, 1.65 to 3.70]) after adjusting for diabetes, fasting glucose level, HbA1c, dyslipidemia, TG\/HDL &gt;3.5, and thyroid-stimulating hormone (p \u2264 0.031). Diabetes (OR, 1.71 [95% CI, 1.09 to 3.33]), fasting glucose level (OR, 1.54 [95% CI, 1.12 to 2.12]), HbA1c (OR, 2.00 [95% CI, 1.25 to 3.22]), hypertriglyceridemia (OR, 1.70 [95% CI, 1.03 to 3.41]), hypo-high-density lipoproteinemia (OR, 1.98 [95% CI, 1.04 to 3.79]), and TG\/HDL &gt;3.5 (OR, 1.37 [95% CI, 1.06 to 1.88]) were significantly associated with high-sensitivity CRP &gt;1.0 mg\/L in patients with IAC (p \u2264 0.039).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Serum high-sensitivity CRP &gt;1.0 mg\/L is an independent associated marker for IAC. Dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and hyperglycemia, which are recognized factors associated with IAC, are also associated with high-sensitivity CRP &gt;1.0 mg\/L in these patients, supporting the interaction of chronic systemic inflammation in IAC.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Level of Evidence:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Prognostic\n                      <jats:underline>Level III<\/jats:underline>\n                      . See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2106\/jbjs.19.00759","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,21]],"date-time":"2020-02-21T00:12:37Z","timestamp":1582243957000},"page":"761-768","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Association Between High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein and Idiopathic Adhesive Capsulitis"],"prefix":"10.2106","volume":"102","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9468-6282","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyung Bin","family":"Park","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery (H.B.P. and J.-Y.G.) and Internal Medicine (J.J.), Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2554-0850","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ji-Yong","family":"Gwark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery (H.B.P. and J.-Y.G.) and Internal Medicine (J.J.), Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5444-1229","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jaehoon","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery (H.B.P. and J.-Y.G.) and Internal Medicine (J.J.), Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1016-5365","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Soon-Taek","family":"Jeong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine and Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,20]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"bib1-20230811","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-8063(05)80371-8","article-title":"Arthroscopic observations before and after manipulation of frozen shoulder","volume":"9","author":"Uitvlugt","year":"1993","journal-title":"Arthroscopy."},{"issue":"7","key":"bib2-20230811","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"928","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.89B7.19097","article-title":"The pathology of frozen shoulder","volume":"89","author":"Hand","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br."},{"issue":"21","key":"bib3-20230811","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1828","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.M.00936","article-title":"Are serum lipids involved in primary frozen shoulder? 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