{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T14:38:16Z","timestamp":1787755096122,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Tibiotalar arthrodesis is a common treatment for end-stage tibiotalar osteoarthritis, and is associated with a long-term risk of concomitant subtalar osteoarthritis. It has been clinically hypothesized that subtalar osteoarthritis following tibiotalar arthrodesis is the product of compensatory subtalar joint hypermobility. However, in vivo measurements of subtalar joint motion following tibiotalar arthrodesis have not been quantified. Using dual-fluoroscopy motion capture, we tested the hypothesis that the subtalar joint of the limb with a tibiotalar arthrodesis would demonstrate differences in kinematics and increased range of motion compared with the subtalar joint of the contralateral, asymptomatic, untreated ankle.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ten asymptomatic patients who had undergone unilateral tibiotalar arthrodesis at a mean (and standard deviation) of 4.0 \u00b1 1.8 years previously were evaluated during overground walking and a double heel-rise task. The evaluation involved markerless tracking with use of dual fluoroscopy integrated with 3-dimensional computed tomography, which allowed for dynamic measurements of subtalar and tibiotalar dorsiflexion-plantar flexion, inversion-eversion, and internal-external rotation. Range of motion, stance time, swing time, step length, and step width were also measured.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>During the early stance phase of walking, the subtalar joint of the limb that had been treated with arthrodesis was plantar flexed (\u22124.7\u00b0 \u00b1 3.3\u00b0), whereas the subtalar joint of the untreated limb was dorsiflexed (4.6\u00b0 \u00b1 2.2\u00b0). Also, during the early stance phase of walking, eversion of the subtalar joint of the surgically treated limb (0.2\u00b0 \u00b1 2.3\u00b0) was less than that of the untreated limb (4.5\u00b0 \u00b1 3.2\u00b0). During double heel-rise, the treated limb exhibited increased peak subtalar plantar flexion (\u22127.1\u00b0 \u00b1 4.1\u00b0) compared with the untreated limb (0.2\u00b0 \u00b1 1.8\u00b0).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A significant increase in subtalar joint plantar flexion was found to be a primary compensation during overground walking and a double heel-rise activity following tibiotalar arthrodesis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical Relevance:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Significant subtalar joint plantar flexion compensations appear to occur following tibiotalar arthrodesis. We found an increase in subtalar plantar flexion and considered the potential relationship of this finding with the increased rate of subtalar osteoarthritis that occurs following ankle arthrodesis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2106\/jbjs.19.01132","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,21]],"date-time":"2020-02-21T00:12:37Z","timestamp":1582243957000},"page":"600-608","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Compensatory Motion of the Subtalar Joint Following Tibiotalar Arthrodesis"],"prefix":"10.2106","volume":"102","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2998-0906","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amy L.","family":"Lenz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Orthopaedics (A.L.L., J.A.N., K.E.R., A.B., C.L.S., and A.E.A.), Physical Therapy & Athletic Training (K.B.F. and A.E.A.), and Bioengineering and Biomedical Imaging (K.E.R. and A.E.A.), and the Scientific Computing & Imaging Institute (A.E.A.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5167-9197","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jennifer A.","family":"Nichols","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Orthopaedics (A.L.L., J.A.N., K.E.R., A.B., C.L.S., and A.E.A.), Physical Therapy & Athletic Training (K.B.F. and A.E.A.), and Bioengineering and Biomedical Imaging (K.E.R. and A.E.A.), and the Scientific Computing & Imaging Institute (A.E.A.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0897-9340","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Koren E.","family":"Roach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Orthopaedics (A.L.L., J.A.N., K.E.R., A.B., C.L.S., and A.E.A.), Physical Therapy & Athletic Training (K.B.F. and A.E.A.), and Bioengineering and Biomedical Imaging (K.E.R. and A.E.A.), and the Scientific Computing & Imaging Institute (A.E.A.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah"},{"name":"Department of Radiology, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9933-6839","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"K. Bo","family":"Foreman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Orthopaedics (A.L.L., J.A.N., K.E.R., A.B., C.L.S., and A.E.A.), Physical Therapy & Athletic Training (K.B.F. and A.E.A.), and Bioengineering and Biomedical Imaging (K.E.R. and A.E.A.), and the Scientific Computing & Imaging Institute (A.E.A.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0276-6782","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexej","family":"Barg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Orthopaedics (A.L.L., J.A.N., K.E.R., A.B., C.L.S., and A.E.A.), Physical Therapy & Athletic Training (K.B.F. and A.E.A.), and Bioengineering and Biomedical Imaging (K.E.R. and A.E.A.), and the Scientific Computing & Imaging Institute (A.E.A.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2877-2339","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Charles L.","family":"Saltzman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Orthopaedics (A.L.L., J.A.N., K.E.R., A.B., C.L.S., and A.E.A.), Physical Therapy & Athletic Training (K.B.F. and A.E.A.), and Bioengineering and Biomedical Imaging (K.E.R. and A.E.A.), and the Scientific Computing & Imaging Institute (A.E.A.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4708-2608","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrew E.","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Orthopaedics (A.L.L., J.A.N., K.E.R., A.B., C.L.S., and A.E.A.), Physical Therapy & Athletic Training (K.B.F. and A.E.A.), and Bioengineering and Biomedical Imaging (K.E.R. and A.E.A.), and the Scientific Computing & Imaging Institute (A.E.A.), University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,19]]},"reference":[{"issue":"Suppl","key":"bib1-20230810","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S6","DOI":"10.1097\/01.blo.0000143938.30681.9d","article-title":"The impact of osteoarthritis: implications for research","volume":"427","author":"Buckwalter","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib2-20230810","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2008.04.007","article-title":"Ankle arthrodesis: the simple and the complex","volume":"13","author":"Ahmad","year":"2008","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Clin."},{"issue":"7","key":"bib3-20230810","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"964","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197961070-00002","article-title":"Ankle arthrodesis. Long-term follow-up with gait analysis","volume":"61","author":"Mazur","year":"1979","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib4-20230810","first-page":"526","article-title":"Gait analysis and functional outcomes following ankle arthrodesis for isolated ankle arthritis","volume":"88","author":"Thomas","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am."},{"issue":"8","key":"bib5-20230810","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.K.01580","article-title":"The Scandinavian Total Ankle Replacement: long-term, eleven to fifteen-year, survivorship analysis of the prosthesis in seventy-two consecutive patients","volume":"95","author":"Brunner","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am."},{"issue":"24","key":"bib6-20230810","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e191","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.L.00465","article-title":"Ankle arthroplasty and ankle arthrodesis: gait analysis compared with normal controls","volume":"95","author":"Singer","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am."},{"issue":"7","key":"bib7-20230810","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1321","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200307000-00019","article-title":"Uncemented STAR total ankle prostheses. Three to eight-year follow-up of fifty-one consecutive ankles","volume":"85","author":"Anderson","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib8-20230810","first-page":"91","article-title":"Outcome of ankle arthrodesis and ankle prosthesis: a review of the current status","volume":"124","author":"Maffulli","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br Med Bull."},{"issue":"11","key":"bib9-20230810","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1486","DOI":"10.1177\/1071100713494380","article-title":"Comparison of practice patterns in total ankle replacement and ankle fusion in the United States","volume":"34","author":"Terrell","year":"2013","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib10-20230810","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1177\/1071100713478929","article-title":"Ankle arthrodesis vs TTC arthrodesis: patient outcomes, satisfaction, and return to activity","volume":"34","author":"Ajis","year":"2013","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int."},{"issue":"7","key":"bib11-20230810","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"994","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.85B7.13984","article-title":"Quality of life 20 years after arthrodesis of the ankle. A study of adjacent joints","volume":"85","author":"Fuchs","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib12-20230810","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200102000-00009","article-title":"Long-term results following ankle arthrodesis for post-traumatic arthritis","volume":"83","author":"Coester","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am."},{"issue":"6","key":"bib13-20230810","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1212","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.G.00506","article-title":"Revision tibiotalar arthrodesis","volume":"90","author":"Easley","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am."},{"issue":"6","key":"bib14-20230810","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1207","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-011-1455-8","article-title":"Total ankle arthroplasty versus ankle arthrodesis. Comparison of sports, recreational activities and functional outcome","volume":"36","author":"Schuh","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int Orthop."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib15-20230810","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.98B5.36887","article-title":"Total ankle arthroplasty versus ankle arthrodesis: a comparative analysis of arc of movement and functional outcomes","volume":"98-B","author":"Pedowitz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Bone Joint J."},{"issue":"10","key":"bib16-20230810","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1340","DOI":"10.1177\/1071100713490675","article-title":"Comparison of gait after total ankle arthroplasty and ankle arthrodesis","volume":"34","author":"Flavin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib17-20230810","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2014.09.007","article-title":"Functional and clinical assessment of two ankle arthrodesis techniques","volume":"54","author":"Malerba","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Foot Ankle Surg."},{"issue":"8","key":"bib18-20230810","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2010.05.008","article-title":"Metabolic cost and mechanical work during walking after tibiotalar arthrodesis and the influence of footwear","volume":"25","author":"van Engelen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon)."},{"issue":"7","key":"bib19-20230810","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1032","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198870070-00011","article-title":"Comparable energy expenditure after arthrodesis of the hip and ankle","volume":"70","author":"Waters","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am."},{"issue":"10","key":"bib20-20230810","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.1177\/1071100716655205","article-title":"Multisegment foot kinematic and kinetic compensations in level and uphill walking following tibiotalar arthrodesis","volume":"37","author":"Bruening","year":"2016","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib21-20230810","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1143","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.24282","article-title":"Ankle strength, muscle size, and adipose content following unilateral tibiotalar arthrodesis","volume":"37","author":"Nichols","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Orthop Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib22-20230810","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9290(01)00222-6","article-title":"Standardization and Terminology Committee of the International Society of Biomechanics; International Society of Biomechanics. ISB recommendation on definitions of joint coordinate system of various joints for the reporting of human joint motion\u2014part I: ankle, hip, and spine","volume":"35","author":"Wu","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Biomech."},{"key":"bib23-20230810","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1186\/1749-799X-3-38","article-title":"Accuracy of biplane x-ray imaging combined with model-based tracking for measuring in-vivo patellofemoral joint motion","volume":"3","author":"Bey","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Orthop Surg Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib24-20230810","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1115\/1.2206199","article-title":"Validation of a new model-based tracking technique for measuring three-dimensional, in vivo glenohumeral joint kinematics","volume":"128","author":"Bey","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Biomech Eng."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib25-20230810","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1402","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-014-3084-4","article-title":"Normative rearfoot motion during barefoot and shod walking using biplane fluoroscopy","volume":"24","author":"Campbell","year":"2016","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc."},{"issue":"9","key":"bib26-20230810","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4034263","article-title":"In vivo kinematics of the tibiotalar and subtalar joints in asymptomatic subjects: a high-speed dual fluoroscopy study","volume":"138","author":"Roach","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Biomech Eng."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib27-20230810","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2015.03.008","article-title":"Accuracy and feasibility of high-speed dual fluoroscopy and model-based tracking to measure in vivo ankle arthrokinematics","volume":"41","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gait Posture."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib28-20230810","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1123\/jab.2013-0112","article-title":"Accuracy and feasibility of dual fluoroscopy and model-based tracking to quantify in vivo hip kinematics during clinical exams","volume":"30","author":"Kapron","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Appl Biomech."},{"issue":"7","key":"bib29-20230810","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2168","DOI":"10.1007\/s10439-015-1522-1","article-title":"Accuracy of functional and predictive methods to calculate the hip joint center in young non-pathologic asymptomatic adults with dual fluoroscopy as a reference standard","volume":"44","author":"Fiorentino","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Biomed Eng."},{"issue":"11","key":"bib30-20230810","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1236","DOI":"10.1177\/1071100717723128","article-title":"Application of high-speed dual fluoroscopy to study in vivo tibiotalar and subtalar kinematics in patients with chronic ankle instability and asymptomatic control subjects during dynamic activities","volume":"38","author":"Roach","year":"2017","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int."},{"issue":"6","key":"bib31-20230810","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1177\/1071100714528492","article-title":"Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Outcomes Research (OFAR) of the American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS). Psychometric comparison of the PROMIS Physical Function CAT with the FAAM and FFI for measuring patient-reported outcomes","volume":"35","author":"Hung","year":"2014","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int."},{"issue":"7889","key":"bib32-20230810","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1127","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(74)90884-8","article-title":"Measurement of pain","volume":"2","author":"Huskisson","year":"1974","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib33-20230810","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.22237\/jmasm\/1509496200","article-title":"JMASM 49: a compilation of some popular goodness of fit tests for normal distribution: their algorithms and MATLAB codes (MATLAB)","volume":"16","author":"\u00d6ner","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Mod Appl Stat Methods."},{"issue":"10","key":"bib34-20230810","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2018.03.009","article-title":"A force profile analysis comparison between functional data analysis, statistical parametric mapping and statistical non-parametric mapping in on-water single sculling","volume":"21","author":"Warmenhoven","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Sci Med Sport."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib35-20230810","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0169834","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0169834","article-title":"Statistical parametric mapping to identify differences between consensus-based joint patterns during gait in children with cerebral palsy","volume":"12","author":"Nieuwenhuys","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One."},{"key":"bib36-20230810","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gaitpost.2018.12.040","article-title":"What are the biomechanical consequences of a structural leg length discrepancy on the adolescent spine during walking?","volume":"68","author":"Bangerter","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gait Posture."},{"key":"bib37-20230810","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2018.12.023","article-title":"Assessment of the measurement accuracy of inertial sensors during different tasks of daily living","volume":"84","author":"Mundt","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Biomech."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib38-20230810","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1080\/10255842.2010.527837","article-title":"One-dimensional statistical parametric mapping in Python","volume":"15","author":"Pataky","year":"2012","journal-title":"Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin."},{"issue":"10","key":"bib39-20230810","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1976","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2010.03.008","article-title":"Generalized n-dimensional biomechanical field analysis using statistical parametric mapping","volume":"43","author":"Pataky","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Biomech."},{"issue":"14","key":"bib40-20230810","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2394","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2013.07.031","article-title":"Vector field statistical analysis of kinematic and force trajectories","volume":"46","author":"Pataky","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Biomech."},{"key":"bib41-20230810","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2652","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.2652","article-title":"Region-of-interest analyses of one-dimensional biomechanical trajectories: bridging 0D and 1D theory, augmenting statistical power","volume":"4","author":"Pataky","year":"2016","journal-title":"PeerJ."},{"issue":"7","key":"bib42-20230810","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2015.02.051","article-title":"Zero- vs. one-dimensional, parametric vs. non-parametric, and confidence interval vs. hypothesis testing procedures in one-dimensional biomechanical trajectory analysis","volume":"48","author":"Pataky","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Biomech."},{"issue":"7","key":"bib43-20230810","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1302\/2058-5241.2.160050","article-title":"The subtalar joint: a complex mechanism","volume":"2","author":"Kr\u00e4henb\u00fchl","year":"2017","journal-title":"EFORT Open Rev."},{"issue":"11","key":"bib44-20230810","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1249","DOI":"10.1177\/1071100717726806","article-title":"Adjacent joint kinematics after ankle arthrodesis during cadaveric gait simulation","volume":"38","author":"Sturnick","year":"2017","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int."},{"issue":"12","key":"bib45-20230810","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1177\/107110070302401202","article-title":"Kinematic changes after fusion and total replacement of the ankle: part 1: range of motion","volume":"24","author":"Valderrabano","year":"2003","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int."},{"issue":"12","key":"bib46-20230810","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1177\/107110070302401203","article-title":"Kinematic changes after fusion and total replacement of the ankle: part 2: movement transfer","volume":"24","author":"Valderrabano","year":"2003","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int."},{"issue":"12","key":"bib47-20230810","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1177\/107110070302401204","article-title":"Kinematic changes after fusion and total replacement of the ankle: part 3: talar movement","volume":"24","author":"Valderrabano","year":"2003","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib48-20230810","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9290(77)90049-5","article-title":"Walking speed as a basis for normal and abnormal gait measurements","volume":"10","author":"Andriacchi","year":"1977","journal-title":"J Biomech."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib49-20230810","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physio.2010.12.004","article-title":"Normal walking speed: a descriptive meta-analysis","volume":"97","author":"Bohannon","year":"2011","journal-title":"Physiotherapy."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib50-20230810","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/S0966-6362(03)00147-4","article-title":"The effect of tibio-talar arthrodesis on foot kinematics and ground reaction force progression during walking","volume":"20","author":"Beyaert","year":"2004","journal-title":"Gait Posture."},{"issue":"10","key":"bib51-20230810","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1064","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2012.07.012","article-title":"The midfoot load shows impaired function after ankle arthrodesis","volume":"27","author":"Frigg","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon)."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib52-20230810","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.3113\/FAI.2008.0003","article-title":"Ankle replacement versus arthrodesis: a comparative gait analysis study","volume":"29","author":"Piriou","year":"2008","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int."}],"container-title":["Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.2106\/JBJS.19.01132","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T13:37:21Z","timestamp":1787751441000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.2106\/JBJS.19.01132"}},"subtitle":["An in Vivo Dual-Fluoroscopy Imaging Study"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,19]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2106\/jbjs.19.01132","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-9355","1535-1386"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-9355","type":"print"},{"value":"1535-1386","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,19]]}}}