{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,6]],"date-time":"2026-09-06T06:22:41Z","timestamp":1788675761051,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,20]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Bacteriophage therapy is a potential adjunctive treatment for periprosthetic joint infections (PJIs) given the capabilities of bacteriophages to degrade biofilms, self-replicate, and lyse bacteria. However, many aspects of this therapeutic are ill-defined, and the narrow spectrum of bacteriophage activity along with limited available bacteriophage strains curb potential use for specific bacteria such as\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      at the present time. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the feasibility of using bacteriophages for PJI by (1) categorizing the causative organisms in hip and knee PJI at a tertiary academic center and (2) evaluating in vitro activity of a group of bacteriophages against clinical\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      PJI isolates.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Patients with chronic hip or knee PJI after undergoing the first stage of a 2-stage revision protocol from 2017 to 2020 were identified retrospectively by a query of the hospital billing database. The causative pathogens in 129 cases were reviewed and categorized. From this cohort, preserved\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      isolates were tested against a library of 15 staphylococcal bacteriophages to evaluate for bacterial growth inhibition over 48 hours.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      was the most common pathogen causing PJI (26% [33] of 129 cases). Of 29\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      samples that were analyzed for bacteriophage activity, 97% showed adequate growth inhibition of the predominant planktonic colonies by at least 1 bacteriophage strain. However, 24% of the 29 samples demonstrated additional smaller, slower-growing\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      colonies, none of which had adequate growth inhibition by any of the initial 14 bacteriophages. Of 5 secondary colonies that underwent subsequent testing with another bacteriophage with enhanced biofilm activity, 4 showed adequate growth inhibition.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Effective bacteriophage therapeutics are potentially available for\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n                      PJI isolates. The differences in bacteriophage activity against the presumed small-colony variants compared with the planktonic isolates have important clinical implications. This finding suggests that bacteriophage attachment receptors differ between the different bacterial morphologic states, and supports future in vitro testing of bacteriophage therapeutics against both planktonic and stationary states of PJI clinical isolates to ensure activity.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2106\/jbjs.21.00958","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,15]],"date-time":"2022-02-15T15:06:51Z","timestamp":1644937611000},"page":"693-699","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Assessment of Staphylococcal Clinical Isolates from Periprosthetic Joint Infections for Potential Bacteriophage Therapy"],"prefix":"10.2106","volume":"104","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5288-0842","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brian J.","family":"DePalma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0378-7470","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sumon","family":"Nandi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5580-8267","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Waqas","family":"Chaudhry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Adaptive Phage Therapeutics, Gaithersburg, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0356-8844","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Adaptive Phage Therapeutics, Gaithersburg, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aaron J.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4977-0968","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James B.","family":"Doub","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Care and Research, Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,15]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"bib1-20250430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1484","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2020.12.005","article-title":"Projected economic burden of periprosthetic joint infection of the hip and knee in the United States","volume":"36","author":"Premkumar","year":"2021","journal-title":"J 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