{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T19:01:38Z","timestamp":1791313298598,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"22","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Altered stress distribution in the lower limb may impact bone mineral density (BMD) in the ankle bones. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the spatial distribution of BMD with use of weight-bearing cone-beam computed tomography (WBCT). Our hypothesis was that BMD distribution would be even in normal hindfeet, increased medially in varus hindfeet, and increased laterally in valgus hindfeet.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this study, 27 normally aligned hindfeet were retrospectively compared with 27 valgus and 27 varus-aligned hindfeet. Age (p = 0.967), body mass index (p = 0.669), sex (p = 0.820), and side (p = 0.708) were similar in the 3 groups. Hindfoot alignment was quantified on the basis of WBCT data sets with use of multiple measurements. BMD was calculated with use of the mean Hounsfield unit (HU) value as a surrogate. The HU medial-to-lateral ratio (HUR), calculated from tibial and talar medial and lateral half-volumes, was the primary outcome of the study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The 3 groups significantly differed (p &lt; 0.001) in terms of tibial HUR (median, 0.91 [interquartile range (IQR), 0.75 to 0.98] in valgus hindfeet, 1 [IQR, 0.94 to 1.05] in normal hindfeet, and 1.04 [IQR, 0.99 to 1.1] in varus hindfeet) and talar HUR (0.74 [IQR, 0.50 to 0.80] in valgus hindfeet, 0.82 [IQR, 0.76 to 0.87] in normal hindfeet, and 0.92 [IQR, 0.86 to 1.05] in varus hindfeet). Linear regression showed that all hindfoot measurements significantly correlated with tibial and talar HUR (p &lt; 0.001 for all). The mean HU values for normally-aligned hindfeet were 495.2 \u00b1 110 (medial tibia), 495.6 \u00b1 108.1 (lateral tibia), 368.9 \u00b1 80.3 (medial talus), 448.2 \u00b1 90.6 (lateral talus), and 686.7 \u00b1 120.4 (fibula). The mean HU value for each compartment was not significantly different across groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Hindfoot alignment and medial-to-lateral BMD distribution were correlated. In varus hindfeet, an increased HU medial-to-lateral ratio was consistent with a greater medial bone density in the tibia and talus as compared with the lateral parts of these bones. In valgus hindfeet, a decreased ratio suggested greater bone density in the lateral as compared with the medial parts of both the tibia and the talus.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Level of Evidence:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Prognostic\n                      <jats:underline>Level III<\/jats:underline>\n                      . See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2106\/jbjs.23.00180","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,24]],"date-time":"2023-08-24T14:31:56Z","timestamp":1692887516000},"page":"1801-1811","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Ankle Joint Bone Density Distribution Correlates with Overall 3-Dimensional Foot and Ankle Alignment"],"prefix":"10.2106","volume":"105","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0163-6516","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fran\u00e7ois","family":"Lintz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Foot and Ankle Surgery, Clinique de l\u2019Union, Ramsay Healthcare, Saint Jean, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9427-3178","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessio","family":"Bernasconi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Trauma and Orthopaedics Unit, Department of Public Health, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4680-6344","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kristian","family":"Buedts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ZNA Middelheim, Antwerp, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9104-8418","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew","family":"Welck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, London, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4304-7445","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Scott","family":"Ellis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Hospital for Special Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6037-0685","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cesar","family":"de Cesar Netto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,24]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"bib1-20250430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.21.00540","article-title":"Longitudinal Changes in Serum Markers of Bone Metabolism and Bone Material Strength in Premenopausal Women with Distal Radial Fracture","volume":"104","author":"Rozental","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib2-20250430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.20371","article-title":"Who\u2019s afraid of the big bad Wolff?: \u201cWolff\u2019s law\u201d and bone functional adaptation","volume":"129","author":"Ruff","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Phys Anthropol."},{"issue":"8","key":"bib3-20250430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2128","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-010-1702-0","article-title":"Methods for assessing bone quality: a review","volume":"469","author":"Donnelly","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib4-20250430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.81B1.0810143","article-title":"Determination of Hounsfield value for CT-based design of custom femoral stems","volume":"81","author":"Aamodt","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br."},{"issue":"12","key":"bib5-20250430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e49","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.21.00267","article-title":"Bone Strength and Viscoelasticity Affect Cementless Femoral Stem Fixation: Commentary on an article by Hannu T. 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