{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T14:47:36Z","timestamp":1787755656422,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Update<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This article was updated on April 24, 2024 because of a previous omission, which was discovered after the preliminary version of the article was posted online. Specifically, the following blurb has been added to the first page of the PDF: \u201c\n                      <jats:bold>A Commentary by Thomas A. DeCoster, MD,<\/jats:bold>\n                      is linked to the online version of this article.\u201d\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The primary aim of this study was to compare the radiographic parameters (nail insertion-point accuracy [NIPA] and fracture malalignment) of patients who had undergone tibial intramedullary nailing via the suprapatellar (SP) and infrapatellar (IP) approaches. The secondary aims were to compare clinical outcomes and patient-reported outcomes (PROs) between these approaches.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>All adult patients with an acute tibial diaphyseal fracture who underwent intramedullary nailing at a single level-I trauma center over a 4-year period (2017 to 2020) were retrospectively identified. The nailing approach (SP or IP) was at the treating surgeon\u2019s discretion. Intraoperative and immediate postoperative radiographs were reviewed to assess NIPA (mean distance from the optimal insertion point) and malalignment (\u22655\u00b0). Medical records and radiographs were reviewed to evaluate the rates of malunion, nonunion, and other postoperative complications. The Oxford and Lysholm Knee Scores (OKS and LKS) and patient satisfaction (0 = completely dissatisfied, 100 = completely satisfied) were obtained via a postal survey at a minimum of 1 year postoperatively.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The cohort consisted of 219 consecutive patients (mean age, 48 years [range, 16 to 90 years], 51% [112] male). There were 61 patients (27.9%) in the SP group and 158 (72.1%) in the IP group. The groups did not differ in baseline demographic or injury-related variables. SP nailing was associated with superior coronal NIPA (p &lt; 0.001; 95% confidence interval [CI] for IP versus SP, 1.17 to 3.60 mm) and sagittal NIPA (p &lt; 0.001; 95% CI, 0.23 to 0.97 mm) and with a reduced rate of malalignment (3% [2 of 61] versus 11% [18 of 158] for IP; p = 0.030). PROs were available for 118 of 211 patients (56%; 32 of 58 in the SP group and 86 of 153 in the IP group) at a mean of 3 years (range, 1.2 to 6.5 years). There was no difference between the SP and IP groups in mean OKS (36.5 versus 39.6; p = 0.246), LKS (71.2 versus 73.5; p = 0.696), or satisfaction scores (81.4 versus 79.9; p = 0.725).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Compared with IP nailing, SP nailing of tibial shaft fractures was associated with superior NIPA and a reduced rate of intraoperative malalignment but not of malunion at healing. However, the superior NIPA may not be clinically important. Furthermore, there were no differences in PROs at mid-term follow-up.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Level of Evidence:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Therapeutic\n                      <jats:underline>Level III<\/jats:underline>\n                      . See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2106\/jbjs.23.00421","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,15]],"date-time":"2023-12-15T14:02:47Z","timestamp":1702648967000},"page":"397-406","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Outcome Following Intramedullary Nailing of Tibial Diaphyseal Fractures"],"prefix":"10.2106","volume":"106","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4227-8361","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Navnit S.","family":"Makaram","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Edinburgh Orthopaedics, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-6303-2091","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James","family":"Sheppard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1867-8517","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jun M.","family":"Leow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Edinburgh Orthopaedics, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8976-2260","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"William M.","family":"Oliver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Edinburgh Orthopaedics, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2370-8461","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John F.","family":"Keating","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Edinburgh Orthopaedics, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,15]]},"reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"bib1-20250430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2006.04.130","article-title":"Epidemiology of adult fractures: A review","volume":"37","author":"Court-Brown","year":"2006","journal-title":"Injury."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib2-20250430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2014.12.027","article-title":"Incidence and epidemiology of tibial shaft fractures","volume":"46","author":"Larsen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Injury."},{"issue":"7","key":"bib3-20250430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-1383(98)00125-9","article-title":"The epidemiology of open long bone fractures","volume":"29","author":"Court-Brown","year":"1998","journal-title":"Injury."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib4-20250430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1302\/2633-1462.24.BJO-2021-0012.R1","article-title":"Risk factors associated with delayed and aseptic nonunion following tibial diaphyseal fractures managed with intramedullary nailing","volume":"2","author":"Makaram","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bone Jt Open."},{"issue":"Suppl 8","key":"bib5-20250430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S29","DOI":"10.1097\/01.bot.0000452787.80923.ee","article-title":"Semiextended intramedullary nailing of the tibia using a suprapatellar approach: radiographic results and clinical outcomes at a minimum of 12 months follow-up","volume":"28","author":"Sanders","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma."},{"issue":"11","key":"bib6-20250430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.5435\/00124635-201111000-00005","article-title":"Intramedullary nailing of extra-articular proximal tibia fractures","volume":"19","author":"Hiesterman","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Am Acad Orthop Surg."},{"issue":"11","key":"bib7-20250430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0b013e3181c1d675","article-title":"Retropatellar technique for intramedullary nailing of proximal tibia fractures: a cadaveric assessment","volume":"24","author":"Eastman","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma."},{"issue":"10","key":"bib8-20250430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0000000000000631","article-title":"Suprapatellar Intramedullary Nail Technique Lowers Rate of Malalignment of Distal Tibia Fractures","volume":"30","author":"Avilucea","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma."},{"issue":"6","key":"bib9-20250430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1007\/s00068-017-0881-8","article-title":"Infrapatellar vs. suprapatellar approach to obtain an optimal insertion angle for intramedullary nailing of tibial fractures","volume":"44","author":"Franke","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg."},{"issue":"7","key":"bib10-20250430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1247","DOI":"10.1007\/s00590-021-03101-1","article-title":"Tibial alignment following intramedullary nailing via three approaches","volume":"32","author":"Baker","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol."},{"issue":"6","key":"bib11-20250430","first-page":"802","article-title":"The percutaneous use of a pointed reduction clamp during intramedullary nailing of distal third tibial shaft fractures","volume":"77","author":"Forman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Belg."},{"issue":"6","key":"bib12-20250430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.81B6.0810963","article-title":"The use of Poller screws as blocking screws in stabilising tibial fractures treated with small diameter intramedullary nails","volume":"81","author":"Krettek","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br."},{"issue":"7","key":"bib13-20250430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.3928\/0147-7447-19970701-14","article-title":"Anterior unicortical buttress plating in conjunction with an unreamed interlocking intramedullary nail for treatment of very proximal tibial diaphyseal fractures","volume":"20","author":"Matthews","year":"1997","journal-title":"Orthopedics."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib14-20250430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1097\/00005131-199905000-00004","article-title":"Intraarticular anatomic risks of tibial nailing","volume":"13","author":"Tornetta","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib15-20250430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.82B1.0820033","article-title":"Proximal entry for intramedullary nailing of the tibia. The risk of unrecognised articular damage","volume":"82","author":"Hernigou","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib16-20250430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1007\/s004020000200","article-title":"The nail-insertion point in unreamed tibial nailing and its influence on the axial malalignment in proximal tibial fractures","volume":"121","author":"Lembcke","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arch Orthop Trauma Surg."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib17-20250430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2018.12.024","article-title":"Intra-medullary nail insertion accuracy: A comparison of the infra-patellar and supra-patellar approach","volume":"50","author":"Anderson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Injury."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib18-20250430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1007\/s00590-021-03148-0","article-title":"Nailing distal tibial fractures: does entry technique affect distal alignment?","volume":"33","author":"Hague","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol."},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"bib19-20250430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0000000000001063","article-title":"Introduction: fracture and dislocation classification compendium-2018","volume":"32","author":"Meinberg","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib22-20250430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197658040-00004","article-title":"Prevention of infection in the treatment of one thousand and twenty-five open fractures of long bones: retrospective and prospective analyses","volume":"58","author":"Gustilo","year":"1976","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib23-20250430","first-page":"e13","article-title":"Continuous Intracompartmental Pressure Monitoring for Acute Compartment Syndrome","volume":"3","author":"Duckworth","year":"2013","journal-title":"JBJS Essent Surg Tech."},{"key":"bib24-20250430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcot.2021.01.009","article-title":"Suprapatellar versus infrapatellar nailing for tibial shaft fractures: A comparison of surgical and clinical outcomes between two approaches","volume":"17","author":"Al-Azzawi","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Orthop Trauma."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib25-20250430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1097\/00005131-200103000-00010","article-title":"Tibial portal placement: the radiographic correlate of the anatomic safe zone","volume":"15","author":"McConnell","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib26-20250430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2019.10.070","article-title":"Implications of three-dimensional modeling of tibia for intramedullary nail fixation: A virtual study on Asian cadaver tibia","volume":"51","author":"Byun","year":"2020","journal-title":"Injury."},{"issue":"10","key":"bib27-20250430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3508","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2022.06.033","article-title":"Nail insertion points in semi-extended nailing of tibial fractures and their influence on alignment: A retrospective cohort study comparing two nail insertion techniques","volume":"53","author":"Yasuda","year":"2022","journal-title":"Injury."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib28-20250430","first-page":"18","article-title":"[Principles of deformity correction around the knee]","volume":"29","author":"Paley","year":"2000","journal-title":"Orthopade."},{"issue":"315","key":"bib30-20250430","first-page":"25","article-title":"Radiographic analysis of tibial fracture malalignment following intramedullary nailing","author":"Freedman","year":"1995","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib31-20250430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0b013e31816ed974","article-title":"Radiographic and clinical comparisons of distal tibia shaft fractures (4 to 11 cm proximal to the plafond): plating versus intramedullary nailing","volume":"22","author":"Vallier","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib32-20250430","first-page":"15","article-title":"Parameters for defining efficacy in fracture healing","volume":"7","author":"Shisha","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Cases Miner Bone Metab."},{"issue":"19","key":"bib33-20250430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1786","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.J.01418","article-title":"Prognostic factors for predicting outcomes after intramedullary nailing of the tibia","volume":"94","author":"Schemitsch","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am."},{"issue":"11","key":"bib34-20250430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1320","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.1988.01400350034004","article-title":"Risk of infection after open fracture of the arm or leg","volume":"123","author":"Dellinger","year":"1988","journal-title":"Arch Surg."},{"issue":"198","key":"bib35-20250430","first-page":"43","article-title":"Rating systems in the evaluation of knee ligament injuries","author":"Tegner","year":"1985","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib36-20250430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.72B3.2341436","article-title":"Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction by over-the-top repair combined with popliteus tendon plasty","volume":"72","author":"Mitsou","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib37-20250430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.80B1.0800063","article-title":"Questionnaire on the perceptions of patients about total knee replacement","volume":"80","author":"Dawson","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib38-20250430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402-013-1728-3","article-title":"Predicting patient satisfaction using the Oxford Knee Score: where do we draw the line?","volume":"133","author":"Clement","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arch Orthop Trauma Surg."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib39-20250430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0000000000000070","article-title":"Radiologic outcome and patient-reported function after intramedullary nailing: a comparison of the retropatellar and infrapatellar approach","volume":"28","author":"Jones","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib40-20250430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1007\/s00590-022-03230-1","article-title":"Comparison between functionality and quality of reduction between suprapatellar vs infrapatellar approaches in the treatment of diaphyseal and distal tibial fractures","volume":"33","author":"Llano","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol."},{"issue":"8","key":"bib41-20250430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0000000000002043","article-title":"Difference in Pain, Complication Rates, and Clinical Outcomes After Suprapatellar Versus Infrapatellar Nailing for Tibia Fractures? A Systematic Review of 1447 Patients","volume":"35","author":"Bleeker","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib42-20250430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0000000000000499","article-title":"Suprapatellar Versus Infrapatellar Tibial Nail Insertion: A Prospective Randomized Control Pilot Study","volume":"30","author":"Chan","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma."},{"issue":"13","key":"bib43-20250430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3284","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546518824552","article-title":"Comparative Effectiveness of Cartilage Repair With Respect to the Minimal Clinically Important Difference","volume":"47","author":"Jones","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib44-20250430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1396","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knee.2020.07.098","article-title":"The verbal Oxford Knee Score is not clinically different from the written score when assessed before or after total knee arthroplasty","volume":"27","author":"Makaram","year":"2020","journal-title":"Knee."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib45-20250430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2014.08.009","article-title":"Meaningful changes for the Oxford Hip and Knee Scores after joint replacement surgery","volume":"68","author":"Beard","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol."},{"issue":"8","key":"bib46-20250430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1933","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-013-2776-5","article-title":"The minimal clinically important difference in the Oxford Knee Score and Short Form 12 score after total knee arthroplasty","volume":"22","author":"Clement","year":"2014","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc."},{"issue":"9","key":"bib47-20250430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1138","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.101B9.BJJ-2018-1115.R2","article-title":"Tibial nailing using a suprapatellar rather than an infrapatellar approach significantly reduces anterior knee pain postoperatively: a multicentre clinical trial","volume":"101-B","author":"MacDonald","year":"2019","journal-title":"Bone Joint J."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib48-20250430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1097\/00005131-199701000-00004","article-title":"Knee pain after tibial nailing","volume":"11","author":"Keating","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib49-20250430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1097\/00005131-199702000-00006","article-title":"Knee pain after intramedullary tibial nailing: its incidence, etiology, and outcome","volume":"11","author":"Court-Brown","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma."},{"issue":"12","key":"bib50-20250430","first-page":"E513","article-title":"Functional Knee Outcomes in Infrapatellar and Suprapatellar Tibial Nailing: Does Approach Matter?","volume":"44","author":"Courtney","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Orthop (Belle Mead NJ)."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib51-20250430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0b013e3182217fe6","article-title":"Anterior knee pain after tibial intramedullary nailing using a medial paratendinous approach","volume":"26","author":"Song","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma."},{"issue":"9","key":"bib52-20250430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1909","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-017-3457-7","article-title":"Intramedullary nailing of tibial shaft fractures in the semi-extended position using a suprapatellar portal technique","volume":"41","author":"Zelle","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int Orthop."},{"issue":"8","key":"bib53-20250430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1010","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.89B8.19424","article-title":"The use of the Oxford Kip and Knee Scores","volume":"89","author":"Murray","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br."},{"key":"bib54-20250430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8220030","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/8220030","article-title":"Dilemma of Supra- or Infrapatellar Tibial Nailing: Anterior Knee Pain vs. Intra-Articular Damage","volume":"2022","author":"Umur","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pract."},{"issue":"12","key":"bib55-20250430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2611","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-016-3187-2","article-title":"The outcome comparison of the suprapatellar approach and infrapatellar approach for tibia intramedullary nailing","volume":"40","author":"Sun","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int Orthop."},{"issue":"10","key":"bib56-20250430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1891","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2018.07.004","article-title":"Intra-operative fluoroscopy time and radiation dose during suprapatellar tibial nailing versus infrapatellar tibial nailing","volume":"49","author":"Williamson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Injury."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib57-20250430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0000000000000070","article-title":"Radiologic outcome and patient-reported function after intramedullary nailing: a comparison of the retropatellar and infrapatellar approach","volume":"28","author":"Jones","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib58-20250430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1007\/s00068-020-01458-2","article-title":"Anterior knee pain and functional outcome following different surgical techniques for tibial nailing: a systematic review","volume":"47","author":"Leliveld","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg."}],"container-title":["Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.2106\/JBJS.23.00421","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T13:47:06Z","timestamp":1787752026000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.2106\/JBJS.23.00421"}},"subtitle":["Suprapatellar Nail Insertion Results in Superior Radiographic Parameters But No Difference in Mid-Term Function"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,15]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2106\/jbjs.23.00421","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-9355","1535-1386"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-9355","type":"print"},{"value":"1535-1386","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,15]]}}}