{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T02:21:53Z","timestamp":1790043713578,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The purpose of this study was to report on 2-year results of vertebral body tethering (VBT), performed under a Food and Drug Administration protocol, to obtain insight into outcomes and complications.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Forty prospectively enrolled patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) who had a Sanders score of \u22644 or a Risser score of \u22642 underwent VBT for curves between 40\u00b0 and 70\u00b0. Surgical, radiographic, and patient-reported outcomes were reviewed at a minimum 2-year follow-up.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Mean age at surgery was 13 (range, 10 to 16) years. The 40 patients were 90% female; 95% White, 2.5% other, and 2.5% unreported; and 92.5% non-Hispanic, 5% Hispanic, and 2.5% unreported. A mean of 8 (range, 5 to 12) levels were instrumented. Most patients were at Sanders 4 (65%) and Risser 0 (63%). Mean length of stay was 3 \u00b1 1 days, estimated blood loss was 236 \u00b1 158 (range, 25 to 740) mL, and operative time was 4.4 \u00b1 1.4 hours. Mean correction of the major curve was 44% (range, 22% to 95%) on the 3-month standing radiograph, 49% at 1 year, and 46% (range, \u221210% to 93%) at 2 years. The mean major Cobb angle improved from 51\u00b0 \u00b1 8\u00b0 (range, 40\u00b0 to 70\u00b0) preoperatively to 27\u00b0 \u00b1 11\u00b0 (range, 3\u00b0 to 56\u00b0) at 2 years. Success at 2 years, defined by a Cobb angle of &lt;35\u00b0 and no reoperation, was seen in 30 patients (75%) and was associated with a mean Cobb angle of &lt;35\u00b0 on the first postoperative standing radiograph (p &lt; 0.001). Twelve patients (30%) demonstrated improvement in the curve with growth. By 2 years, 2 (5%) of the patients underwent repeat surgery (1 release for overcorrection, 1 lumbar VBT for lumbar curve progression after thoracic VBT). The Scoliosis Research Society (SRS) satisfaction score improved 2 years following surgery (p &lt; 0.001), but other SRS domains only remained stable over time. Beyond 2 years, 1 additional lumbar tether was required after thoracic VBT, 1 implant was removed, and 3 fusions were performed, for a 10% fusion rate and overall 20% reoperation rate at a mean of 3.8 \u00b1 1.1 years of follow-up. The rate of cord breakage in the study population was 20%.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In skeletally immature patients treated in the U.S. under a prospective Investigational Device Exemption, there was a 75% rate of successful outcomes at 2 years. Most correction was obtained at the time of surgery, and inadequate intraoperative curve correction was associated with a higher Cobb angle on the first postoperative standing radiograph and failure by 2 years.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Level of Evidence:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Therapeutic\n                      <jats:underline>Level II<\/jats:underline>\n                      . See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2106\/jbjs.24.00033","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,24]],"date-time":"2024-12-24T14:00:41Z","timestamp":1735048841000},"page":"249-256","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Vertebral Body Tethering in Skeletally Immature Patients"],"prefix":"10.2106","volume":"107","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6542-6975","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A. Noelle","family":"Larson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3038-1601","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julia E.","family":"Todderud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0679-5177","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Smitha E.","family":"Mathew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota"},{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, Children\u2019s Nebraska, Omaha, Nebraska"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7160-734X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmad","family":"Nassr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arjun S.","family":"Sebastian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-2502-1565","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"D. Dean","family":"Potter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pediatric Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9950-3668","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Todd A.","family":"Milbrandt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,24]]},"reference":[{"issue":"24","key":"bib1-20260615","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2592","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199912150-00006","article-title":"Natural history","volume":"24","author":"Weinstein","year":"1999","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)."},{"issue":"9","key":"bib2-20260615","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-199209000-00014","article-title":"Long-term follow-up of patients with untreated scoliosis. 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