{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T03:32:18Z","timestamp":1790652738964,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Orthopaedic surgery is one of the least gender-diverse surgical specialties, with only 7% women in practice and 20.4% in residency. There are numerous \u201cleaks\u201d in the talent pipeline for women orthopaedic surgeons that lead to the field as a whole falling short of a critical mass (30%) of women. For over a decade, a network of professional and nonprofit organizations, including the Ruth Jackson Orthopaedic Society, The Perry Initiative, Nth Dimensions, and others, have focused on targeted outreach and mentoring of women in the talent pipeline; they report a positive effect of these interventions on recruitment and retention of women in the field.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this study, we applied mathematical models to estimate the historic and future impacts of current outreach and hands-on exposure efforts to recruit more women into orthopaedic surgery. The model uses published data on program reach and impact from one of the largest and longest-running programs, The Perry Initiative, and combines it with AAMC and AAOS Census data. These data were used to forecast the percentage of women entering the profession as postgraduate year 1 (PGY1) residents and among practicing orthopaedic surgeons.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The results of the mathematical models suggest that the increase in women in the PGY1 population from 14.7% to 20.9% from 2008 to 2022 is at least partially attributable to current mentoring and outreach efforts by The Perry Initiative and others. Assuming continued intervention at present levels, the PGY1 residency class will reach peak diversity of 28% women in 2028, and the field as a whole will reach a steady-state composition of approximately 25% practicing women orthopaedic surgeons by 2055.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The results of this study indicate that outreach and exposure efforts, such as those of The Perry Initiative, are having a substantive impact on gender diversity in orthopaedic surgery. With continued intervention, the field as a whole should approach a critical mass of women within a generation. The collective efforts of the orthopaedics community over the past decade to close the gender gap serve as a guidebook for other professions seeking to diversify.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2106\/jbjs.24.00210","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,22]],"date-time":"2024-11-22T14:00:38Z","timestamp":1732284038000},"page":"e1","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["The Impact of Sustained Outreach Efforts on Gender Diversity in Orthopaedic Surgery"],"prefix":"10.2106","volume":"107","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5454-1716","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jenni M.","family":"Buckley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware"},{"name":"The Perry Initiative, Newark, Delaware"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6045-8588","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura M.","family":"Dearolf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Perry Initiative, Newark, Delaware"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8683-3035","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lily","family":"Wood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4296-7389","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julie","family":"Agel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8064-5508","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ann E.","family":"Van Heest","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Perry Initiative, Newark, Delaware"},{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8843-8418","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lisa L.","family":"Lattanza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Perry Initiative, Newark, Delaware"},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,22]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"bib1-20250101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e9","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.J.01583","article-title":"The uneven distribution of women in orthopaedic surgery resident training programs in the United States","volume":"94","author":"Van Heest","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am."},{"issue":"10","key":"bib2-20250101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2023.15520","article-title":"Graduate Medical Education, 2022-2023","volume":"330","author":"Brotherton","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib3-20250101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e20.00157","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.OA.20.00157","article-title":"A 15-Year Report on the Uneven Distribution of Women in Orthopaedic Surgery Residency Training Programs in the United States","volume":"6","author":"Van Heest","year":"2021","journal-title":"JBJS Open Access."},{"issue":"17","key":"bib4-20250101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e116","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.17.01291","article-title":"Women in Orthopaedic Surgery: Population Trends in Trainees and Practicing Surgeons","volume":"100","author":"Chambers","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am."},{"issue":"11","key":"bib5-20250101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e79","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.17.01202","article-title":"Analysis of Factors Related to the Sex Diversity of Orthopaedic Residency Programs in the United States","volume":"100","author":"Sobel","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am."},{"issue":"9","key":"bib6-20250101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-016-4827-y","article-title":"Where Are the Women in Orthopaedic Surgery?","volume":"474","author":"Rohde","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib9-20250101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1086\/226425","article-title":"Some Effects of Proportions on Group Life: Skewed Sex Ratios and Responses to Token Women","volume":"82","author":"Kanter","year":"1977","journal-title":"Am J Sociol."},{"issue":"6","key":"bib10-20250101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/CORR.0000000000001724","article-title":"How Long Will It Take to Reach Gender Parity in Orthopaedic Surgery in the United States? 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