{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T14:17:41Z","timestamp":1787753861404,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Postoperative delirium (POD) is a clinically important complication in elderly patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA) that is associated with prolonged hospitalization, increased morbidity, and higher health-care costs. Although cognitive impairment is a known risk factor for POD, the role of comprehensive cognitive and psychological evaluation remains underexplored in patients undergoing TKA. This study aimed to evaluate the correlation of preoperative cognitive and psychological factors with POD after TKA.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This prospective cohort study included 574 patients who were \u226560 years of age and underwent primary TKA at 1 of 2 major tertiary care hospitals. We assessed preoperative cognitive function using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), the full Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer\u2019s Disease (CERAD) battery, the Subjective Memory Complaints Questionnaire (SMCQ), and the Seoul Informant Report Questionnaire for Dementia (SIRQD). Psychological assessments were conducted with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the Patient Health Questionnaire-15 (PHQ-15), and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). POD was evaluated daily from postoperative days 1 to 5 using the 4 A\u2019s Test (4AT) and the Confusion Assessment Method (CAM). A multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to identify independent risk factors for POD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>POD occurred in 24 (4.2%) of 574 patients. Univariate analysis revealed that POD was significantly correlated with lower MMSE (p &lt; 0.001), higher PHQ-15 (p = 0.014), higher PSQI (p = 0.014), and higher Charlson Comorbidity Index (p = 0.010) scores; preoperative use of sedatives (p = 0.044) and antidepressants (p = 0.027); and lower mean noise levels in the patient\u2019s hospital room (p = 0.002). In the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, the optimal cutoff value for predicting POD was an MMSE score of \u226425, with a sensitivity of 74.5% and a specificity of 78.3% (area under the curve, 0.834; p = 0.001). Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified lower MMSE scores (odds ratio [OR], 0.771; p = 0.002) and higher PHQ-15 scores (OR, 1.187; p = 0.028) as significant independent predictors of POD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study comprehensively evaluated preoperative cognitive function and psychological symptoms in patients undergoing TKA. Even subclinical cognitive and somatic symptoms were linked to POD, emphasizing the need for preoperative identification of high-risk patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Level of Evidence:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Prognostic\n                      <jats:underline>Level II<\/jats:underline>\n                      . See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2106\/jbjs.25.00392","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]],"date-time":"2025-12-19T19:01:30Z","timestamp":1766170890000},"page":"584-592","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Low Cognitive Function and Somatic Psychological Symptoms Are Correlated with Greater Risk of Delirium After Total Knee Arthroplasty"],"prefix":"10.2106","volume":"108","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-1129-4104","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joon Young","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Heung-K Hospital, Siheung-si, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6097-3275","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jee Eun","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1954-9875","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sung Eun","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4492-4358","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Byung Sun","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8150-1573","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Myung Chul","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8597-1054","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chong Bum","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1229-8863","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyuk-Soo","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5097-532X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hye Youn","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6199-908X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Du Hyun","family":"Ro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"CONNECTEVE Co., Ltd., Seoul, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"bib1-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.17305\/bjbms.2018.3653","article-title":"Delirium following total joint replacement surgery","volume":"19","author":"Huang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Bosn J Basic Med Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib2-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2015.01.021","article-title":"Risk factors of delirium in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty","volume":"60","author":"Chung","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arch Gerontol Geriatr."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib3-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-020-03206-4","article-title":"Pre-operative hemoglobin level and use of sedative-hypnotics are independent risk factors for post-operative delirium following total knee arthroplasty","volume":"21","author":"Kijima","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord."},{"issue":"7","key":"bib4-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1111\/aas.12932","article-title":"Lundbeck Foundation Centre for Fast-track Hip and Knee Replacement Collaborative Group. Delirium after fast-track hip and knee arthroplasty - a cohort study of 6331 elderly patients","volume":"61","author":"Petersen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiol Scand."},{"key":"bib5-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2017.03.008","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors for postoperative delirium in total joint arthroplasty patients: a prospective study","volume":"46","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gen Hosp Psychiatry."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib6-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-018-0897-8","article-title":"Incidence and risk factors of postoperative delirium in the elderly patients with hip fracture","volume":"13","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Orthop Surg Res."},{"issue":"20","key":"bib7-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e20159","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000020159","article-title":"Postoperative delirium in patients undergoing surgery for bone metastases","volume":"99","author":"Hindiskere","year":"2020","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)."},{"key":"bib8-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2017.02.040","article-title":"Post-operative delirium is an independent predictor of 30-day hospital readmission after spine surgery in the elderly (\u226565 years old): a study of 453 consecutive elderly spine surgery patients","volume":"41","author":"Elsamadicy","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Neurosci."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib9-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/aer493","article-title":"Delirium after fast-track hip and knee arthroplasty","volume":"108","author":"Krenk","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth."},{"key":"bib10-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1068278","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2022.1068278","article-title":"Postoperative delirium in geriatric patients with hip fractures","volume":"14","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib11-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1177\/15563316221134244","article-title":"The burden of postoperative delirium after shoulder arthroplasty and modifiable pharmacological perioperative risk factors: a retrospective nationwide cohort study","volume":"19","author":"Kiani","year":"2023","journal-title":"HSS J."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib12-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1186\/s12871-019-0735-5","article-title":"Effects of an abnormal Mini-Mental State Examination score on postoperative outcomes in geriatric surgical patients: a meta-analysis","volume":"19","author":"Cao","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Anesthesiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib13-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000005657","article-title":"Preoperative cognitive impairment and postoperative delirium in elderly surgical patients: a retrospective large cohort study (The CIPOD Study)","volume":"278","author":"Weiss","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ann Surg."},{"key":"bib14-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.2147\/NSS.S452517","article-title":"Association between preoperative sleep disturbance and postoperative delirium in elderly: a retrospective cohort study","volume":"16","author":"Guo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Sci Sleep."},{"issue":"10","key":"bib15-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2452","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2024.05.023","article-title":"Depression and time to knee arthroplasty among adults who have knee osteoarthritis","volume":"39","author":"Gebauer","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Arthroplasty."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib16-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e14168","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.14168","article-title":"Association between perioperative self-reported sleep disturbances and delirium risk in elderly patients following total joint arthroplasty: a cohort study","volume":"33","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Sleep Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib17-20260416","first-page":"e91","article-title":"Are sleep quality, daytime sleepiness, and depression associated with knee pain? A cross-sectional study in older adults","volume":"18","author":"Kakazu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sleep Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib18-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.61919\/jhrr.v4i2.783","article-title":"Association between sleep quality and musculoskeletal pain in patients with osteoarthritis","volume":"4","author":"Saleem","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Health and Rehabilitation Research."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib19-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-024-08127-0","article-title":"Anxiety and depression as potential risk factors for limited pain management in patients with elderly knee osteoarthritis: a cross-lagged study","volume":"25","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord."},{"key":"bib20-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1243124","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2023.1243124","article-title":"Anti-depressant medication use is a risk factor for incident knee surgery and opioid use in patients with knee osteoarthritis","volume":"14","author":"Zheng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry."},{"key":"bib21-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5372603","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/5372603","article-title":"Early cognitive dysfunction in elderly patients after total knee arthroplasty: an analysis of risk factors and cognitive functional levels","volume":"2022","author":"Ren","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib22-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1097\/EJA.0000000000001876","article-title":"Update of the European Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine evidence-based and consensus-based guideline on postoperative delirium in adult patients","volume":"41","author":"Aldecoa","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur J Anaesthesiol."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib23-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e254","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2022.05.032","article-title":"Perioperative risk factors associated with increased incidence of postoperative delirium: systematic review, meta-analysis, and Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation system report of clinical literature","volume":"130","author":"Mevorach","year":"2023","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib24-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/57.1.P47","article-title":"Development of the Korean version of the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Assessment Packet (CERAD-K): clinical and neuropsychological assessment batteries","volume":"57","author":"Lee","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci."},{"issue":"18","key":"bib25-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2386","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1993.03500180078038","article-title":"Population-based norms for the Mini-Mental State Examination by age and educational level","volume":"269","author":"Crum","year":"1993","journal-title":"JAMA."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib26-20260416","first-page":"209","article-title":"Development of an informant report questionnaire for dementia screening: Seoul Informant Report Questionnaire for Dementia (SIRQD)","volume":"43","author":"Lee","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Korean Neuropsychiatr Assoc."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib27-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1159\/000205512","article-title":"Development of the Subjective Memory Complaints Questionnaire","volume":"27","author":"Youn","year":"2009","journal-title":"Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib28-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1781(89)90047-4","article-title":"The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index: a new instrument for psychiatric practice and research","volume":"28","author":"Buysse","year":"1989","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"issue":"6","key":"bib29-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1983.tb09716.x","article-title":"The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale","volume":"67","author":"Zigmond","year":"1983","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr Scand."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib30-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1097\/00006842-200203000-00008","article-title":"The PHQ-15: validity of a new measure for evaluating the severity of somatic symptoms","volume":"64","author":"Kroenke","year":"2002","journal-title":"Psychosom Med."},{"issue":"11","key":"bib31-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2601","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2019.06.042","article-title":"Preoperative C-reactive protein\/albumin ratio, a risk factor for postoperative delirium in elderly patients after total joint arthroplasty","volume":"34","author":"Peng","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Arthroplasty."},{"issue":"9","key":"bib32-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2992","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-018-4563-4","article-title":"Risk factors of postoperative delirium in the intensive care unit after liver transplantation","volume":"42","author":"Lee","year":"2018","journal-title":"World J Surg."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib33-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9232","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-66276-3","article-title":"Incidence & risk factors of postoperative delirium after spinal surgery in older patients","volume":"10","author":"Kang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Rep."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib34-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.4055\/cios.2019.11.3.297","article-title":"Etiology and related factors of postoperative delirium in orthopedic surgery","volume":"11","author":"Song","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Surg."},{"issue":"17","key":"bib35-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5073","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11175073","article-title":"Potential usefulness of blood urea nitrogen to creatinine ratio in the prediction and early detection of delirium motor subtype in the intensive care unit","volume":"11","author":"Park","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib36-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1007\/s40264-021-01136-1","article-title":"The risk of preoperative central nervous system-acting medications on delirium following hip or knee surgery: a matched case-control study","volume":"45","author":"Kassie","year":"2022","journal-title":"Drug Saf."},{"issue":"40","key":"bib37-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3310\/hta23400","article-title":"The 4 A\u2019s test for detecting delirium in acute medical patients: a diagnostic accuracy study","volume":"23","author":"MacLullich","year":"2019","journal-title":"Health Technol Assess."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib38-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2008.01674.x","article-title":"The Confusion Assessment Method: a systematic review of current usage","volume":"56","author":"Wei","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib39-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1176\/jnp.13.2.229","article-title":"Validation of the Delirium Rating Scale-revised-98: comparison with the Delirium Rating Scale and the Cognitive Test for Delirium","volume":"13","author":"Trzepacz","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib40-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-014-3366-x","article-title":"Which analgesic mixture is appropriate for periarticular injection after total knee arthroplasty? Prospective, randomized, double-blind study","volume":"23","author":"Kim","year":"2015","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib42-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.17079\/jkgn.2024.00241","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors of delirium of older adults after cardiac surgery at the intensive care unit: a retrospective study","volume":"26","author":"Ryu","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Korean Gerontol Nurs."},{"issue":"6","key":"bib43-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e14762","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.14762","article-title":"Association between Modified Frailty Index and postoperative delirium in patients after cardiac surgery: a cohort study of 2080 older adults","volume":"30","author":"Cheng","year":"2024","journal-title":"CNS Neurosci Ther."},{"issue":"9","key":"bib44-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1177\/0218492320947230","article-title":"Early mobilization reduces delirium after coronary artery bypass graft surgery","volume":"28","author":"Shirvani","year":"2020","journal-title":"Asian Cardiovasc Thorac Ann."},{"key":"bib45-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"880092","DOI":"10.3389\/fsurg.2022.880092","article-title":"Early ambulation to prevent delirium after long-time head and neck cancer surgery","volume":"9","author":"Kim","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Surg."},{"issue":"6","key":"bib46-20260416","first-page":"178","article-title":"Intensive care unit environment","volume":"9","author":"Wenham","year":"2009","journal-title":"Contin Educ Anaesth Crit Care Pain."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib47-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"992","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000001557","article-title":"The efficacy of earplugs as a sleep hygiene strategy for reducing delirium in the ICU: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"44","author":"Litton","year":"2016","journal-title":"Crit Care Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib48-20260416","first-page":"142","article-title":"Preventive intervention to prevent delirium in patients hospitalized in intensive care unit","volume":"13","author":"Ghaeli","year":"2018","journal-title":"Iran J Psychiatry."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib49-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1260\/0957456001497535","article-title":"New WHO guidelines for community noise","volume":"31","author":"Berglund","year":"2000","journal-title":"Noise & Vibration Worldwide."},{"issue":"1183","key":"bib50-20260416","article-title":"The impact of environmental risk factors on delirium and benefits of noise and light modifications: a scoping review","volume":"9","author":"Hashemighouchani","year":"2020","journal-title":"F1000 Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib51-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.2010.01459.x","article-title":"CERAD-neuropsychological battery in screening mild Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"125","author":"Sotaniemi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Scand."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib52-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.2005.00380.x","article-title":"CERAD test performances in amnestic mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer\u2019s disease","volume":"111","author":"Karrasch","year":"2005","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Scand."},{"issue":"10","key":"bib53-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2012.08.021","article-title":"The CERAD neuropsychological assessment battery total score detects and predicts Alzheimer disease dementia with high diagnostic accuracy","volume":"22","author":"Wolfsgruber","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Geriatr Psychiatry."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib54-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-2010-100459","article-title":"CERAD neuropsychological battery total score in multinational mild cognitive impairment and control populations: the AddNeuroMed study","volume":"22","author":"Paajanen","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis."},{"issue":"30","key":"bib55-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.21640\/ns.v15i30.3168","article-title":"Validation of the PHQ-15 questionnaire version for the Mexican population to assess psychosomatic symptoms","volume":"15","author":"Bravo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nova Scientia."},{"key":"bib56-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2024.07.087","article-title":"Somatic symptoms in the general population of Spain: validation and normative data of the Patient Health Questionnaire-15 (PHQ-15)","volume":"362","author":"Robles","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Affect Disord."},{"issue":"11","key":"bib57-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2446603","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.46603","article-title":"Measurement properties of the Patient Health Questionnaire-15 and Somatic Symptom Scale-8: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"7","author":"Hybelius","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib58-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1007\/s10926-011-9320-6","article-title":"Validation of the PHQ-15 for somatoform disorder in the occupational health care setting","volume":"22","author":"de Vroege","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Occup Rehabil."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib59-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-016-1068-2","article-title":"The relation between the Patient Health Questionnaire-15 and DSM somatic diagnoses","volume":"16","author":"Liao","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry."},{"key":"bib60-20260416","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-244X-13-91","article-title":"Standardization of a screening instrument (PHQ-15) for somatization syndromes in the general population","volume":"13","author":"Kocalevent","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry."}],"container-title":["Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.2106\/JBJS.25.00392","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T13:20:03Z","timestamp":1787750403000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.2106\/JBJS.25.00392"}},"subtitle":["A Prospective Cohort Study"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2106\/jbjs.25.00392","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-9355","1535-1386"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-9355","type":"print"},{"value":"1535-1386","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]]}}}