{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T09:57:15Z","timestamp":1790243835235,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":100,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"13","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:list list-type=\"plain\">\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>\u27a2 Implant surface characteristics play a critical role in promoting osseointegration and long-term spinal fusion success.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>\u27a2 Titanium and polyetheretherketone (PEEK) are the most commonly utilized materials in interbody cages, each with distinct advantages and limitations.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>\u27a2 Surface modifications such as roughening, porosity, and hydroxyapatite coatings enhance osseointegration and early fusion outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>\u27a2 Emerging materials, including silicon nitride and porous tantalum, demonstrate favorable biological and mechanical properties but require further clinical validation.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>\u27a2 No single implant material or surface technology has shown consistent clinical superiority, highlighting the need for ongoing research and evidence-based selection.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <\/jats:list>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2106\/jbjs.25.00904","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T18:00:54Z","timestamp":1779386454000},"page":"969-981","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Interbody Cages: Surface Technologies in Spinal Implants"],"prefix":"10.2106","volume":"108","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2475-4996","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joseph E.","family":"Nassar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island"},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, University of Miami Leonard M. 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