{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T02:21:50Z","timestamp":1790043710001,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"18","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Vertebral body tethering (VBT) aims to gradually correct scoliosis using patients\u2019 growth while preserving spinal motion. We report 5 to 8-year outcomes and complications in skeletally immature patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This prospective single-center cohort study included 74 patients who had idiopathic scoliosis and a \u22655-year follow-up. Preoperative, first postoperative visit, 1-year, 2-year, and \u22655-year radiographs were analyzed. A \u22655\u00b0 increase in the interscrew angle suggested tether breakage.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>All 74 patients (5 male and 69 female) were skeletally immature at surgery. The mean age at surgery was 11.8 \u00b1 1.3 years, and the mean follow-up time was 63.4 \u00b1 8.4 months. Of the 74 patients, 68 patients were White, 4 were Black, and 2 were Middle Eastern or North African. VBT was performed on a mean of 7.4 vertebral levels. The maximum Cobb angle was 47.9\u00b0 \u00b1 9.4\u00b0 preoperatively, whereas the instrumented Cobb angle measured 17.2\u00b0 \u00b1 12.3\u00b0 at 2 years and 25.7\u00b0 \u00b1 14.0\u00b0 at \u22655 years postoperatively. An unplanned return to the operating room occurred in 16 patients (21.6%). Forty-nine patients (66%) had a suspected broken tether at the final follow-up. The mean time of the first tether breakage was 38.1 \u00b1 15 months. Forty-nine patients (66%) also had a curve of &lt;40\u00b0 without an unplanned return to the operating room at a minimum of 5 years postoperatively.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In our cohort, 66% (49 patients) had a radiographically suspected tether breakage after 5 years and 13.5% (10 patients) required posterior spinal fusion to date. VBT yielded significant correction in the coronal plane (p &lt; 0.001) and transverse plane (p = 0.006) postoperatively, with a reoperation rate of 21.6%.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Level of Evidence:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Therapeutic\n                      <jats:underline>Level II<\/jats:underline>\n                      . See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2106\/jbjs.25.01102","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T18:01:27Z","timestamp":1774375287000},"page":"1461-1468","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Outcomes and Complications of Vertebral Body Tethering in Skeletally Immature Patients with Idiopathic Scoliosis"],"prefix":"10.2106","volume":"108","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-0365-9921","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rachelle","family":"Imbeault","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Montr\u00e9al, Montr\u00e9al, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8241-8934","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jesse","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Montr\u00e9al, Montr\u00e9al, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada"},{"name":"Centre Hospitalier de l\u2019Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, Montr\u00e9al, Quebec, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3708-3351","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdulmajeed","family":"Alzakri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-8538-2114","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Soraya","family":"Barchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CHU Sainte-Justine, Montr\u00e9al, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-7050-9849","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marjolaine","family":"Roy-Beaudry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CHU Sainte-Justine, Montr\u00e9al, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-3199-7947","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isabelle","family":"Turgeon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CHU Sainte-Justine, Montr\u00e9al, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4854-2816","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefan","family":"Parent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Montr\u00e9al, Montr\u00e9al, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada"},{"name":"CHU Sainte-Justine, Montr\u00e9al, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"bib1-20260916","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/1748-7161-1-2","article-title":"Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: natural history and long term treatment effects","volume":"1","author":"Asher","year":"2006","journal-title":"Scoliosis."},{"issue":"9623","key":"bib2-20260916","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1527","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)60658-3","article-title":"Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis","volume":"371","author":"Weinstein","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"bib3-20260916","first-page":"529","article-title":"Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: etiology, anatomy, natural history, and bracing","volume":"54","author":"Parent","year":"2005","journal-title":"Instr Course Lect."},{"issue":"12","key":"bib4-20260916","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1329","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/85.12.1329","article-title":"Effect of bracing and other conservative interventions in the treatment of idiopathic scoliosis in adolescents: a systematic review of clinical trials","volume":"85","author":"Lenssinck","year":"2005","journal-title":"Phys Ther."},{"issue":"6","key":"bib5-20260916","first-page":"CD006850","article-title":"Braces for idiopathic scoliosis in adolescents","volume":"2015","author":"Negrini","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev."},{"issue":"6","key":"bib6-20260916","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S281","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2015.07.004","article-title":"Fusionless surgery in early-onset scoliosis","volume":"101","author":"Odent","year":"2015","journal-title":"Orthop Traumatol Surg Res."},{"issue":"6","key":"bib7-20260916","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1689","DOI":"10.1007\/s43390-024-00909-9","article-title":"Growth modulation response in vertebral body tethering depends primarily on magnitude of concave vertebral body growth","volume":"12","author":"Louer","year":"2024","journal-title":"Spine Deform."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib8-20260916","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1007\/s43390-022-00471-2","article-title":"When successful, anterior vertebral body tethering (VBT) induces differential segmental growth of vertebrae: an in vivo study of 51 patients and 764 vertebrae","volume":"10","author":"McDonald","year":"2022","journal-title":"Spine Deform."},{"issue":"23","key":"bib9-20260916","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2608","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000188267.66847.bf","article-title":"Multilevel spinal growth modulation with an anterolateral flexible tether in an immature bovine model","volume":"30","author":"Newton","year":"2005","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)."},{"issue":"20","key":"bib10-20260916","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1688","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000000472","article-title":"Anterior vertebral body tethering for idiopathic scoliosis: two-year results","volume":"39","author":"Samdani","year":"2014","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)."},{"issue":"19","key":"bib11-20260916","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1691","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.18.00287","article-title":"Anterior spinal growth tethering for skeletally immature patients with scoliosis: a retrospective look two to four years postoperatively","volume":"100","author":"Newton","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib12-20260916","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.H.01728","article-title":"Growth modulation by means of anterior tethering resulting in progressive correction of juvenile idiopathic scoliosis: a case report","volume":"92","author":"Crawford","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib13-20260916","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.21037\/atm.2019.12.159","article-title":"Spinal growth tethering: indications and limits","volume":"8","author":"Newton","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Transl Med."},{"issue":"6","key":"bib14-20260916","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1699","DOI":"10.1007\/s43390-021-00368-6","article-title":"Iatrogenic dural tear after growth modulation in AIS: an unusual complication and its management","volume":"9","author":"Shen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Spine Deform."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib15-20260916","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1056","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-195638050-00009","article-title":"The effects of pressure on epiphyseal growth; the mechanism of plasticity of growing bone","volume":"38-A","author":"Arkin","year":"1956","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am."},{"issue":"20","key":"bib16-20260916","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S255","DOI":"10.1097\/01.BRS.0000092484.31316.32","article-title":"An innovative technique of vertebral body stapling for the treatment of patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a feasibility, safety, and utility study","volume":"28","author":"Betz","year":"2003","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib17-20260916","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1007\/s43390-021-00464-7","article-title":"Anterior vertebral body tethering for thoracic idiopathic scoliosis leads to asymmetric growth of the periapical vertebrae","volume":"10","author":"Newton","year":"2022","journal-title":"Spine Deform."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib18-20260916","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1369","DOI":"10.1007\/s43390-024-00874-3","article-title":"Differential vertebral body growth is maintained after vertebral body tethering surgery for idiopathic scoliosis: 4-year follow-up on 888 peri-apical vertebrae and 592 intervertebral discs","volume":"12","author":"Photopoulos","year":"2024","journal-title":"Spine Deform."},{"issue":"20","key":"bib19-20260916","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1857","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.23.01229","article-title":"Anterior vertebral body tethering: a single-center cohort with 4.3 to 7.4 years of follow-up","volume":"106","author":"Hoernschemeyer","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am."},{"issue":"10","key":"bib20-20260916","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1097\/BPO.0000000000001590","article-title":"Thoracoscopic vertebral body tethering for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a minimum of 2 years\u2019 results of 21 patients","volume":"40","author":"Pehlivanoglu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib21-20260916","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1007\/s43390-020-00226-x","article-title":"Anterior vertebral body tethering shows mixed results at 2-year follow-up","volume":"9","author":"Baker","year":"2021","journal-title":"Spine Deform."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib22-20260916","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0026","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.OA.19.00026","article-title":"Non-fusion surgical correction of thoracic idiopathic scoliosis using a novel, braided vertebral body tethering device: minimum follow-up of 4 years","volume":"4","author":"Wong","year":"2019","journal-title":"JB JS Open Access."},{"issue":"23","key":"bib23-20260916","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2545","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e3181891822","article-title":"Is the lumbar modifier useful in surgical decision making?: defining two distinct Lenke 1A curve patterns","volume":"33","author":"Miyanji","year":"2008","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib24-20260916","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1060","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-021-07076-9","article-title":"The effects of vertebral body tethering on sagittal parameters: evaluations from a 2-years follow-up","volume":"31","author":"Baroncini","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur Spine J."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib26-20260916","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e323","DOI":"10.1097\/BPO.0000000000002619","article-title":"Incidence of tether breakage in anterior vertebral body tethering","volume":"44","author":"Cahill","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib27-20260916","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1007\/s43390-024-00857-4","article-title":"PSSG. Analysis of three-dimensional spine growth for vertebral body tethering patients at 2 and 5 years post operatively","volume":"12","author":"Boulet","year":"2024","journal-title":"Spine Deform."},{"issue":"13","key":"bib28-20260916","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1169","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.19.00980","article-title":"Anterior vertebral body tethering for adolescent scoliosis with growth remaining: a retrospective review of 2 to 5-year postoperative results","volume":"102","author":"Hoernschemeyer","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib29-20260916","first-page":"8","volume":"13","year":"2018","journal-title":"Abstracts of the International Research Society on Spinal Deformities (IRSSD) Meeting 2018. Scoliosis Spinal Disord."},{"issue":"24","key":"bib31-20260916","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2299","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.20.01533","article-title":"Measurable thoracic motion remains at 1 year following anterior vertebral body tethering, with sagittal motion greater than coronal motion","volume":"103","author":"Buyuk","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am."},{"issue":"8","key":"bib32-20260916","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e861","DOI":"10.1097\/BPO.0000000000002202","article-title":"Measurable lumbar motion remains 1 year after vertebral body tethering","volume":"42","author":"Mathew","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop."},{"issue":"7","key":"bib33-20260916","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1998","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-021-06768-6","article-title":"Return to sport and daily life activities after vertebral body tethering for AIS: analysis of the sport activity questionnaire","volume":"30","author":"Baroncini","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur Spine J."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib34-20260916","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1007\/s43390-024-01035-2","article-title":"Outcomes and complications of vertebral body tethering by patient gender","volume":"13","author":"Todderud","year":"2025","journal-title":"Spine Defom."},{"issue":"6","key":"bib35-20260916","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1901","DOI":"10.1007\/s43390-025-01130-y","article-title":"Outcomes after vertebral body tethering for Lenke type 5 scoliosis continue to improve: analysis of different surgical techniques","volume":"13","author":"Trobisch","year":"2025","journal-title":"Spine Deform."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib36-20260916","first-page":"e25.00309","article-title":"Outcomes of vertebral body tethering in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a prospective, multicenter study","volume":"11","author":"Nugraha","year":"2026","journal-title":"JB JS Open Access."}],"container-title":["Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.2106\/JBJS.25.01102","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T15:01:18Z","timestamp":1789570878000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.2106\/JBJS.25.01102"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"18","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2106\/jbjs.25.01102","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-9355","1535-1386"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-9355","type":"print"},{"value":"1535-1386","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]]}}}