{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T17:18:36Z","timestamp":1788369516360,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":101,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"17","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:list list-type=\"plain\">\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>\u27a2 Osteochondral autograft transfer (OAT) restores hyaline cartilage and subchondral bone in a single stage, offering a durable joint-preserving option for focal full-thickness articular cartilage defects in young, active patients.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>\n                            \u27a2 Optimal candidates have unipolar femoral condyle, patellofemoral, or tibial plateau lesions measuring 1 to 4 cm\n                            <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                            ; outcomes become less predictable once the defect size exceeds 3 cm\n                            <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                            . Outcomes are further influenced by age, activity level, sex, alignment, instability, and meniscal deficiency, with older, lower-demand patients and those with larger lesions demonstrating comparatively inferior results.\n                          <\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>\u27a2 Technical success requires meticulous recipient-site preparation, perpendicular graft harvest, and flush implantation; both arthroscopic and open approaches achieve reliable results.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>\u27a2 OAT demonstrates high return-to-sport rates (often &gt;85% within 6 months), significant functional improvements, and superiority over microfracture. Outcomes may be comparable or superior to cellular resurfacing or allograft techniques in appropriately selected patients.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>\u27a2 Emerging biologic adjuncts, recess-filling strategies, and donor-site substitutes may enhance graft integration and reduce morbidity, although long-term clinical benefits remain unproven.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <\/jats:list>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2106\/jbjs.25.01562","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T18:06:25Z","timestamp":1783361185000},"page":"1352-1361","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Osteochondral Autograft Transfer for Focal Osteochondral Defects of the Knee"],"prefix":"10.2106","volume":"108","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8703-1146","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John T.","family":"Strony","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UH Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland Ohio"},{"name":"UH Drusinsky Sports Medicine Institute, Beachwood, Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3516-9896","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jason G.","family":"Ina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UH Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland Ohio"},{"name":"UH Drusinsky Sports Medicine Institute, Beachwood, Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1615-6192","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John M.","family":"Apostolakos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UH Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland Ohio"},{"name":"UH Drusinsky Sports Medicine Institute, Beachwood, Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4895-1046","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jacob G.","family":"Calcei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UH Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland Ohio"},{"name":"UH Drusinsky Sports Medicine Institute, Beachwood, Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael R.","family":"Karns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UH Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland Ohio"},{"name":"UH Drusinsky Sports Medicine Institute, Beachwood, Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0171-5908","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriella E.","family":"Ode","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sports Medicine and Shoulder Service, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael J.","family":"Salata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UH Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland Ohio"},{"name":"UH Drusinsky Sports Medicine Institute, Beachwood, Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5693-0336","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James E.","family":"Voos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UH Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland Ohio"},{"name":"UH Drusinsky Sports Medicine Institute, Beachwood, Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0745-9880","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Scott A.","family":"Rodeo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sports Medicine and Shoulder Service, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Riley J.","family":"Williams 3rd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sports Medicine and Shoulder Service, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"bib1-20260902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-8063(97)90124-9","article-title":"Cartilage injuries: a review of 31,516 knee arthroscopies","volume":"13","author":"Curl","year":"1997","journal-title":"Arthroscopy."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib2-20260902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1610","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-014-3472-9","article-title":"Symptoms and function in patients with articular cartilage lesions in 1,000 knee arthroscopies","volume":"24","author":"Solheim","year":"2016","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib3-20260902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546503259345","article-title":"Articular cartilage lesions in 993 consecutive knee arthroscopies","volume":"32","author":"Ar\u00f8en","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med."},{"issue":"7","key":"bib4-20260902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.1053\/jars.2002.32839","article-title":"Articular cartilage defects in 1,000 knee arthroscopies","volume":"18","author":"Hjelle","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arthroscopy."},{"issue":"10","key":"bib5-20260902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1795","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e3181d9eea0","article-title":"Prevalence of chondral defects in athletes\u2019 knees: a systematic review","volume":"42","author":"Flanigan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc."},{"issue":"6","key":"bib6-20260902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1415","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.24137","article-title":"T(2) relaxation time measurements are limited in monitoring progression, once advanced cartilage defects at the knee occur: longitudinal data from the osteoarthritis initiative","volume":"38","author":"Jungmann","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Magn Reson Imaging."},{"issue":"11","key":"bib7-20260902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1655","DOI":"10.1007\/s00256-015-2217-2","article-title":"Predictive value of semi-quantitative MRI-based scoring systems for future knee replacement: data from the Osteoarthritis Initiative","volume":"44","author":"Hafezi-Nejad","year":"2015","journal-title":"Skeletal Radiol."},{"issue":"7","key":"bib8-20260902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2033","DOI":"10.1002\/art.21148","article-title":"Association of cartilage defects with loss of knee cartilage in healthy, middle-age adults: a prospective study","volume":"52","author":"Cicuttini","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib9-20260902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1002\/art.39970","article-title":"Brief Report: Partial- and full-thickness focal cartilage defects contribute equally to development of new cartilage damage in knee osteoarthritis: the Multicenter Osteoarthritis Study","volume":"69","author":"Guermazi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib10-20260902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csm.2024.08.005","article-title":"Clinical considerations and joint preservation principles in the management of patients with symptomatic chondral lesions","volume":"44","author":"Cotter","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clin Sports Med."},{"issue":"10","key":"bib11-20260902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2325967118801931","DOI":"10.1177\/2325967118801931","article-title":"Do focal chondral defects of the knee increase the risk for progression to osteoarthritis? A review of the literature","volume":"6","author":"Houck","year":"2018","journal-title":"Orthop J Sports Med."},{"issue":"7","key":"bib12-20260902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.M.00545","article-title":"Younger age is associated with a higher risk of early periprosthetic joint infection and aseptic mechanical failure after total knee arthroplasty","volume":"96","author":"Meehan","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am."},{"issue":"7","key":"bib13-20260902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.M.00131","article-title":"Revision total knee arthroplasty in the young patient: is there trouble on the horizon?","volume":"96","author":"Aggarwal","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib14-20260902","first-page":"100191","article-title":"Osteochondral autograft and allograft for knee cartilage injuries\u2014an international Delphi consensus statement","volume":"4","author":"Mills","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Cartil Jt Preserv."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib15-20260902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csm.2017.02.006","article-title":"Osteochondral autologous transplantation","volume":"36","author":"Sherman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Sports Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib16-20260902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1097\/JSA.0000000000000099","article-title":"Osteochondral autograft transplantation: a review of the surgical technique and outcomes","volume":"24","author":"Richter","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sports Med Arthrosc Rev."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib17-20260902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-8063(05)80428-1","article-title":"Arthroscopic multiple osteochondral transplantation to the chondral defect in the knee associated with anterior cruciate ligament disruption","volume":"9","author":"Matsusue","year":"1993","journal-title":"Arthroscopy."},{"issue":"9","key":"bib18-20260902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1066","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2005.06.018","article-title":"A prospective randomized clinical study of mosaic osteochondral autologous transplantation versus microfracture for the treatment of osteochondral defects in the knee joint in young athletes","volume":"21","author":"Gudas","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arthroscopy."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib19-20260902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1093\/bmb\/ldn025","article-title":"Articular cartilage: structure, injuries and review of management","volume":"87","author":"Bhosale","year":"2008","journal-title":"Br Med Bull."},{"issue":"6","key":"bib20-20260902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2015.11.037","article-title":"Long-term outcomes after osteochondral autograft transfer: a systematic review at mean follow-up of 10.2 years","volume":"32","author":"Pareek","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arthroscopy."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib21-20260902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knee.2013.01.001","article-title":"Results at 10 to 14 years after osteochondral autografting (mosaicplasty) in articular cartilage defects in the knee","volume":"20","author":"Solheim","year":"2013","journal-title":"Knee."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib22-20260902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jor.2018.01.021","article-title":"Early determinants of long-term clinical outcome after cartilage repair surgery in the knee","volume":"15","author":"Solheim","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Orthop."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib23-20260902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25S","DOI":"10.1177\/1947603511408286","article-title":"Osteochondral autograft and mosaicplasty in the football (soccer) athlete","volume":"3","author":"P\u00e1nics","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cartilage."},{"issue":"6","key":"bib24-20260902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1938","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2023.11.026","article-title":"Autologous osteochondral transfer of the knee demonstrates continued high rates of return to sport and low rates of conversion to arthroplasty at long-term follow-up: a systematic review","volume":"40","author":"Oeding","year":"2024","journal-title":"Arthroscopy."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib25-20260902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1177\/19476035221129571","article-title":"Biological reconstruction of localized full-thickness cartilage defects of the knee: a systematic review of level 1 studies with a minimum follow-up of 5 years","volume":"13","author":"Angele","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cartilage."},{"issue":"1_suppl","key":"bib26-20260902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473S","DOI":"10.1177\/1947603521993219","article-title":"Algorithm for treatment of focal cartilage defects of the knee: classic and new procedures","volume":"13","author":"Hinckel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cartilage."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib27-20260902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.94B4.27495","article-title":"Minimum ten-year results of a prospective randomised study of autologous chondrocyte implantation versus mosaicplasty for symptomatic articular cartilage lesions of the knee","volume":"94","author":"Bentley","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib28-20260902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.85B2.13543","article-title":"A prospective, randomised comparison of autologous chondrocyte implantation versus mosaicplasty for osteochondral defects in the knee","volume":"85","author":"Bentley","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib29-20260902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1177\/1947603516630786","article-title":"Long-term outcomes after autologous chondrocyte implantation: a systematic review at mean follow-up of 11.4 years","volume":"7","author":"Pareek","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cartilage."},{"issue":"6","key":"bib30-20260902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e7","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.RVW.18.00123","article-title":"Osteochondral allograft transplantation for knee cartilage and osteochondral defects: a review of indications, technique, rehabilitation, and outcomes","volume":"7","author":"Cavendish","year":"2019","journal-title":"JBJS Rev."},{"issue":"11","key":"bib31-20260902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2499","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546512458763","article-title":"Ten-year follow-up of a prospective, randomized clinical study of mosaic osteochondral autologous transplantation versus microfracture for the treatment of osteochondral defects in the knee joint of athletes","volume":"40","author":"Gudas","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib32-20260902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200300002-00004","article-title":"Autologous osteochondral mosaicplasty for the treatment of full-thickness defects of weight-bearing joints: ten years of experimental and clinical experience","volume":"85-A","author":"Hangody","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am."},{"issue":"7","key":"bib33-20260902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1097\/BPO.0b013e3181b8f6c7","article-title":"A prospective, randomized clinical study of osteochondral autologous transplantation versus microfracture for the treatment of osteochondritis dissecans in the knee joint in children","volume":"29","author":"Gudas","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib34-20260902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1007\/s001670050061","article-title":"Arthroscopic autogenous osteochondral mosaicplasty for the treatment of femoral condylar articular defects. A preliminary report","volume":"5","author":"Hangody","year":"1997","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib35-20260902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0037-1618592","article-title":"Cartilage restoration: microfracture and osteochondral autograft transplantation","volume":"31","author":"Redondo","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Knee Surg."},{"issue":"24","key":"bib36-20260902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1205","DOI":"10.5435\/JAAOS-D-23-00101","article-title":"Indications and technique: rotator cuff repair augmentation","volume":"31","author":"Yanke","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Am Acad Orthop Surg."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib37-20260902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.5435\/JAAOS-D-15-00447","article-title":"Cartilage restoration techniques for the patellofemoral joint","volume":"25","author":"Brophy","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Am Acad Orthop Surg."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib38-20260902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0030-1248121","article-title":"Treatment of chondral defects in the patellofemoral joint","volume":"19","author":"Gomoll","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Knee Surg."},{"issue":"6","key":"bib39-20260902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1125","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546509360405","article-title":"Clinical experiences with autologous osteochondral mosaicplasty in an athletic population: a 17-year prospective multicenter study","volume":"38","author":"Hangody","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib40-20260902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1007\/s12178-018-9474-3","article-title":"Patellofemoral cartilage repair","volume":"11","author":"Mestriner","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med."},{"issue":"10","key":"bib41-20260902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.M.00312","article-title":"Autologous osteochondral transplantation for treating patellar chondral injuries: evaluation, treatment, and outcomes of a two-year follow-up study","volume":"96","author":"Astur","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am."},{"issue":"6","key":"bib42-20260902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.1177\/036354650831441","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging and clinical evaluation of patellar resurfacing with press-fit osteochondral autograft plugs","volume":"36","author":"Nho","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib43-20260902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546512469091","article-title":"Arthroscopic retrograde osteochondral autograft transplantation for cartilage lesions of the tibial plateau: a prospective study","volume":"41","author":"Wajsfisz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med."},{"issue":"6","key":"bib44-20260902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2017.01.026","article-title":"Surgical technique and clinical outcomes of retrograde osteochondral autograft transfer for osteochondral lesions of the tibial plateau","volume":"33","author":"Yabumoto","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arthroscopy."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib45-20260902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1177\/1941738113508917","article-title":"Current concepts of articular cartilage restoration techniques in the knee","volume":"6","author":"Camp","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sports Health."},{"issue":"7","key":"bib46-20260902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.20.01161","article-title":"Chondral lesions of the knee: an evidence-based approach","volume":"103","author":"Dekker","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib47-20260902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2004.12.003","article-title":"Multiple osteochondral arthroscopic grafting (mosaicplasty) for cartilage defects of the knee: prospective study results at 2-year follow-up","volume":"21","author":"Marcacci","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arthroscopy."},{"issue":"10","key":"bib48-20260902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3186","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-016-4262-3","article-title":"Return to sport after the surgical management of articular cartilage lesions in the knee: a meta-analysis","volume":"25","author":"Krych","year":"2017","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib49-20260902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2012.06.009","article-title":"Comparison of osteochondral autologous transplantation, microfracture, or debridement techniques in articular cartilage lesions associated with anterior cruciate ligament injury: a prospective study with a 3-year follow-up","volume":"29","author":"Gudas","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arthroscopy."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib50-20260902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2015.08.028","article-title":"Return to sport after articular cartilage repair in athletes\u2019 knees: a systematic review","volume":"32","author":"Campbell","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arthroscopy."},{"issue":"8","key":"bib51-20260902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2011.08.005","article-title":"Mosaic osteochondral transplantations in the knee joint, midterm results of the SFA multicenter study","volume":"97","author":"Ollat","year":"2011","journal-title":"Orthop Traumatol Surg Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib52-20260902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465211053594","article-title":"Isolated osteochondral autograft versus allograft transplantation for the treatment of symptomatic cartilage lesions of the knee: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"51","author":"Trofa","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med."},{"issue":"22","key":"bib53-20260902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"914","DOI":"10.5435\/JAAOS-D-20-00266","article-title":"Cartilage injury in the knee: assessment and treatment options","volume":"28","author":"Krych","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Acad Orthop Surg."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib54-20260902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2325967118773041","DOI":"10.1177\/2325967118773041","article-title":"Learning from failure in cartilage repair surgery: an analysis of the mode of failure of primary procedures in consecutive cases at a tertiary referral center","volume":"6","author":"Krych","year":"2018","journal-title":"Orthop J Sports Med."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib55-20260902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1594","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-014-3447-x","article-title":"Can young and active patients participate in sports after osteochondral autologous transfer combined with valgus high tibial osteotomy?","volume":"24","author":"Minzlaff","year":"2016","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc."},{"issue":"12","key":"bib56-20260902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3004","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465241280231","article-title":"Clinical outcomes and long-term survivorship after osteochondral autologous transfer combined with valgus high tibial osteotomy: an analysis after 19 years with 56 patients","volume":"52","author":"Ehmann","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib57-20260902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103299","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eats.2024.103299","article-title":"Concomitant medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction, tibial tubercle osteotomy, trochleoplasty, and osteochondral autograft transfer to the patella","volume":"14","author":"Stone","year":"2024","journal-title":"Arthrosc Tech."},{"issue":"10","key":"bib58-20260902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.5435\/JAAOS-D-14-00241","article-title":"Clinical evaluation and preoperative planning of articular cartilage lesions of the knee","volume":"23","author":"Mall","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Am Acad Orthop Surg."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib59-20260902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1177\/1947603519852402","article-title":"Preoperative grades of osteoarthritis and meniscus volume correlate with clinical outcomes of osteochondral graft treatment for cartilage defects in the knee","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cartilage."},{"issue":"10","key":"bib60-20260902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2325","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546513496624","article-title":"Osteochondral autologous transfer combined with valgus high tibial osteotomy: long-term results and survivorship analysis","volume":"41","author":"Minzlaff","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib61-20260902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2014.08.012","article-title":"Biological knee reconstruction for combined malalignment, meniscal deficiency, and articular cartilage disease","volume":"31","author":"Harris","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arthroscopy."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib62-20260902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465010290012001","article-title":"The effects of time course after anterior cruciate ligament injury in correlation with meniscal and cartilage loss","volume":"29","author":"Murrell","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib63-20260902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546511423380","article-title":"Cartilage injury after acute, isolated anterior cruciate ligament tear: immediate and longitudinal effect with clinical\/MRI follow-up","volume":"40","author":"Potter","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib64-20260902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0035-1558858","article-title":"Influence of ligament properties on tibiofemoral mechanics in walking","volume":"29","author":"Smith","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Knee Surg."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib65-20260902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2010.08.007","article-title":"Biological knee reconstruction: a systematic review of combined meniscal allograft transplantation and cartilage repair or restoration","volume":"27","author":"Harris","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arthroscopy."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib66-20260902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546517744202","article-title":"Outcomes of osteochondral allograft transplantation with and without concomitant meniscus allograft transplantation: a comparative matched group analysis","volume":"46","author":"Frank","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med."},{"issue":"7","key":"bib67-20260902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e713","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eats.2019.03.006","article-title":"Osteochondral autograft transfer procedure: arthroscopic technique and technical pearls","volume":"8","author":"Rowland","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arthrosc Tech."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib68-20260902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0039-1692999","article-title":"Arthroscopic versus open osteochondral autograft transplantation (mosaicplasty) for cartilage damage of the knee: a systematic review","volume":"34","author":"Kizaki","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Knee Surg."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib69-20260902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200403001-00009","article-title":"Autologous osteochondral mosaicplasty. Surgical technique","volume":"86-A","author":"Hangody","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am."},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"bib70-20260902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2008.01.041","article-title":"Autologous osteochondral grafting\u2014technique and long-term results","volume":"39","author":"Hangody","year":"2008","journal-title":"Injury."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib71-20260902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eats.2020.09.025","article-title":"Osteochondral autograft transfer for focal cartilage lesions of the knee with donor-site back-fill using precut osteochondral allograft plugs and micronized extracellular cartilage augmentation","volume":"10","author":"Vellios","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arthrosc Tech."},{"issue":"8","key":"bib72-20260902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103673","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eats.2025.103673","article-title":"Isolated osteochondral autograft transplantation for a focal chondral defect of the patella","volume":"14","author":"Shoemaker","year":"2025","journal-title":"Arthrosc Tech."},{"issue":"7","key":"bib74-20260902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2325967120933138","DOI":"10.1177\/2325967120933138","article-title":"High-grade patellar chondral defects: promising results from management with osteochondral autografts","volume":"8","author":"Figueroa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Orthop J Sports Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib75-20260902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546511435085","article-title":"Distribution of bone mineral density at osteochondral donor sites in the patellofemoral joint among baseball players and controls","volume":"40","author":"Nishida","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib76-20260902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2011.04.001","article-title":"Chondral repair of the knee joint using mosaicplasty","volume":"97","author":"Robert","year":"2011","journal-title":"Orthop Traumatol Surg Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib77-20260902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546509349038","article-title":"Effect of impaction sequence on osteochondral graft damage: the role of repeated and varying loads","volume":"38","author":"Kang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib78-20260902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0030-1248028","article-title":"Impaction affects cell viability in osteochondral tissues during transplantation","volume":"20","author":"Pylawka","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Knee Surg."},{"issue":"13","key":"bib79-20260902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3244","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465241285457","article-title":"Midterm outcomes after osteochondral allograft transplantation in the knee using high-chondrocyte viability grafts","volume":"52","author":"Cook","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med."},{"issue":"8","key":"bib80-20260902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1842","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546504264895","article-title":"Effects of small incongruities in a sheep model of osteochondral autografting","volume":"32","author":"Huang","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med."},{"issue":"9","key":"bib81-20260902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2122","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546518770415","article-title":"Effects of proud large osteochondral plugs on contact forces and knee kinematics: a robotic study","volume":"46","author":"Du","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med."},{"issue":"8","key":"bib82-20260902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1727","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.24612","article-title":"Effect of graft positioning on dissipated energy in knee osteochondral autologous transplantation-a biomechanical study","volume":"38","author":"Walter","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Orthop Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib83-20260902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1186\/s40634-016-0066-0","article-title":"Knee donor-site morbidity after mosaicplasty - a systematic review","volume":"3","author":"Andrade","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Exp Orthop."},{"issue":"7","key":"bib84-20260902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e69","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-8063(04)00607-3","article-title":"Donor-site morbidity after osteochondral autograft transfer procedures","volume":"20","author":"LaPrade","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arthroscopy."},{"key":"bib85-20260902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-200208000-00020","article-title":"Autologous osteochondral grafting in the knee: indication, results, and reflections","volume":"401","author":"Jakob","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib86-20260902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2325967117702418","DOI":"10.1177\/2325967117702418","article-title":"Accelerated return to sport after osteochondral autograft plug transfer","volume":"5","author":"Werner","year":"2017","journal-title":"Orthop J Sports Med."},{"issue":"12","key":"bib87-20260902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2683","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eats.2021.08.012","article-title":"Arthroscopic osteochondral autograft transfer system procedure of the lateral femoral condyle with donor-site backfill using osteochondral allograft plug","volume":"10","author":"Guzman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arthrosc Tech."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib88-20260902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1177\/1947603509355970","article-title":"The maturation of synthetic scaffolds for osteochondral donor sites of the knee: an MRI and T2-mapping analysis","volume":"1","author":"Bedi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cartilage."},{"issue":"9","key":"bib89-20260902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-006-0067-0","article-title":"Osteochondral autologous transplantation versus microfracture for the treatment of articular cartilage defects in the knee joint in athletes","volume":"14","author":"Gudas","year":"2006","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib90-20260902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knee.2009.07.007","article-title":"Osteochondral autografting (mosaicplasty) in articular cartilage defects in the knee: results at 5 to 9 years","volume":"17","author":"Solheim","year":"2010","journal-title":"Knee."},{"issue":"11","key":"bib91-20260902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.K.00815","article-title":"Activity levels are higher after osteochondral autograft transfer mosaicplasty than after microfracture for articular cartilage defects of the knee: a retrospective comparative study","volume":"94","author":"Krych","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib92-20260902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"826","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546517745281","article-title":"Randomized study of long-term (15-17 years) outcome after microfracture versus mosaicplasty in knee articular cartilage defects","volume":"46","author":"Solheim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib93-20260902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1177\/1947603518783482","article-title":"Long-term survival after microfracture and mosaicplasty for knee articular cartilage repair: a comparative study between two treatments cohorts","volume":"11","author":"Solheim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cartilage."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib94-20260902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.23152","article-title":"Third-generation autologous chondrocyte implantation versus mosaicplasty for knee cartilage injury: 2-year randomized trial","volume":"34","author":"Clav\u00e9","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Orthop Res."},{"issue":"8","key":"bib95-20260902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2261","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-012-2304-9","article-title":"Current treatments of isolated articular cartilage lesions of the knee achieve similar outcomes","volume":"470","author":"Lim","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib96-20260902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2019.11.096","article-title":"Surgical techniques for knee cartilage repair: an updated large-scale systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"36","author":"Zamborsky","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arthroscopy."},{"issue":"8","key":"bib97-20260902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2745","DOI":"10.1002\/ksa.12525","article-title":"Autologous chondrocyte implantation, matrix-induced autologous chondrocyte implantation, osteochondral autograft transplantation and osteochondral allograft improve knee function and pain with considerations for patient and cartilage defects characteristics: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"33","author":"Nassar","year":"2025","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc."},{"issue":"11","key":"bib98-20260902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"916","DOI":"10.1002\/term.1872","article-title":"Utilizing tissue-engineered cartilage or BMNC-PLGA composites to fill empty spaces during autologous osteochondral mosaicplasty in porcine knees","volume":"10","author":"Zuo","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Tissue Eng Regen Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib99-20260902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546518817527","article-title":"Osteochondral autograft transplantation technique augmented by an ultrapurified alginate gel enhances osteochondral repair in a rabbit model","volume":"47","author":"Hishimura","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med."},{"issue":"6","key":"bib100-20260902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"065016","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-605X\/ac976d","article-title":"Effect of platelet-rich plasma scaffolding combined with osteochondral autograft transfer for full-thickness articular cartilage defects of the femoral condyle","volume":"17","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomed Mater."},{"issue":"14","key":"bib101-20260902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3280","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546517721188","article-title":"Comparison of the effects of osteochondral autograft transplantation with platelet-rich plasma or platelet-rich fibrin on osteochondral defects in a rabbit model","volume":"45","author":"Maruyama","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib102-20260902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1161","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200605000-00036","article-title":"Revised grades of recommendation for summaries or reviews of orthopaedic surgical studies","volume":"88","author":"Wright","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am."}],"container-title":["Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.2106\/JBJS.25.01562","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T17:00:23Z","timestamp":1788368423000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.2106\/JBJS.25.01562"}},"subtitle":["Indications, Technique, Outcomes, and Future Directions"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]]},"references-count":101,"journal-issue":{"issue":"17","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2106\/jbjs.25.01562","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-9355","1535-1386"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-9355","type":"print"},{"value":"1535-1386","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]]}}}