{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T18:53:04Z","timestamp":1791571984749,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":90,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:list list-type=\"plain\">\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>\u27a2 As has been shown by higher-level evidence, endoscopic spine surgery (ESS) provides clinical outcomes comparable with those of microscopic and tubular techniques for lumbar disc herniation and spinal stenosis.<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>\u27a2 The cervical and thoracic ESS evidence base has been limited, with a lack of contemporary multicenter randomized trials and overreliance on single-center retrospective data.<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>\u27a2 U.S. adoption has been constrained by a steep learning curve, limited training pathways, and reimbursement challenges, despite increasing interest and fellowship exposure.<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>\u27a2 The economic viability of ESS is facility-dependent, with higher disposable costs possibly offset by reduced hospital resource utilization. Migration of spine surgery into ambulatory surgery centers may also create additional opportunities for ESS adoption.<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>\u27a2 Broader U.S. integration will require standardized training, multi-institutional outcome registries, and alignment with value-based payment models, such as the 2026 Medicare Transforming Episode Accountability Model (TEAM) program.<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                    <\/jats:list>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2106\/jbjs.26.00630","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T18:10:43Z","timestamp":1791569443000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Endoscopic Spine Surgery: Evidence Maturity and the Path Forward in the United States"],"prefix":"10.2106","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-8055-6689","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew T.","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-3197-4315","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seungjun","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7337-3321","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Graham S.","family":"Goh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Boston University Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3575-2758","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Don Y.","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7511-2486","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samuel K.","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mount Sinai, New York, NY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5086-0875","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jin-Sung","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul St. Mary\u2019s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junseok","family":"Bae","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Wooridul Spine Hospital, Seoul, South Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"bib1-20261009","first-page":"467","article-title":"History of endoscopic spine surgery: where did it all begin? 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