{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T15:48:06Z","timestamp":1792597686750,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":95,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"20","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:list list-type=\"plain\">\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>\u27a2 Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) remains a major complication of joint arthroplasty, associated with morbidity and health-care burden. Although room for progress remains, the management of PJI has evolved over the past 50 years from empiric, procedure-centered approaches to structured, evidence-based, and biologically informed strategies.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>\u27a2 This article summarizes key developments in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of PJI, driven by advances across multiple clinical and scientific subspecialties.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>\u27a2 Diagnostic approaches have advanced from reliance on clinical findings and culture to a multimodal framework integrating validated criteria, serological and synovial biomarkers, and molecular techniques. Surgical management has similarly evolved toward individualized strategies, including debridement with implant retention, 1-stage or 2-stage revision, and salvage surgery tailored to host, pathogen, and disease characteristics.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:list-item>\n                          <jats:p>\u27a2 Advances in microbiology, particularly the recognition of biofilm and the emerging role of the human microbiome, have further reshaped the understanding of PJI. Overall, this article examines how developments in prevention, diagnosis, surgical treatment, and microbiology have driven a transition toward precision-based, biology-informed, and individualized management of PJI.<\/jats:p>\n                        <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <\/jats:list>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2106\/jbjs.26.00650","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T18:00:31Z","timestamp":1788372031000},"page":"1608-1615","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Changes in the Management of Periprosthetic Joint Infection Over the Past 50 Years"],"prefix":"10.2106","volume":"108","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1803-3981","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Armita Armina","family":"Abedi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Bispebjerg, Copenhagen, Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Copenhagen University Hospital \u2013 North Zealand Hospital, Hilleroed, Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-4601-5550","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ghazal","family":"Pourbozorg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Joint Center, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Ayd\u0131nlar University, Istanbul, Turkey"},{"name":"Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-7389-2997","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Abdou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Rochester, Minnesota"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4607-354X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amir Human","family":"Hoveidaei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Center for Limb Lengthening, Rubin Institute for Advanced Orthopedics, Sinai Hospital of Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6985-5870","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Javad","family":"Parvizi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Joint Center, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Ayd\u0131nlar University, Istanbul, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3207-7101","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mustafa","family":"Citak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Knappschaft Kliniken Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"bib1-20261021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1302\/2633-1462.63.BJO-2024-0225.R1","article-title":"The health-economic burden of hip and knee periprosthetic joint infections in Europe: a comprehensive analysis following primary arthroplasty","volume":"6","author":"Alt","year":"2025","journal-title":"Bone Jt Open."},{"key":"bib2-20261021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.2340\/17453674.2023.13648","article-title":"Increasing risk of revision due to infection after primary total hip arthroplasty: results from the Nordic Arthroplasty Register Association","volume":"94","author":"Dale","year":"2023","journal-title":"Acta Orthop."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib3-20261021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arth.2025.06.011","article-title":"Increased mortality following periprosthetic joint infection after total hip arthroplasty: a microbiologically verified nationwide cohort of 1,611 PJI revisions","volume":"41","author":"Kristensen","year":"2026","journal-title":"J Arthroplasty."},{"key":"bib4-20261021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198610000-00013","article-title":"Clean air at operation and subsequent sepsis in the joint","volume":"211","author":"Lidwell","year":"1986","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res."},{"issue":"9","key":"bib5-20261021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800560902","article-title":"Postoperative infection in total prosthetic replacement arthroplasty of the hip-joint. 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