{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T14:43:52Z","timestamp":1787755432818,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JBJS Case Connector"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Case:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A 14-year-old boy presented with a pathologic fracture of the distal aspect of the tibia and a remote history of a dog bite near the injury site. Imaging studies, biopsy, and presentation corroborated the diagnosis of chronic osteomyelitis. Multiple diagnostic methods were negative until an open biopsy identified\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Haemophilus parainfluenzae,<\/jats:italic>\n                      a fastidious oropharyngeal bacterium, with polymerase chain reaction analysis. The patient underwent extensive debridement, placement of external fixation, and a year-long antibiotic therapy regimen. He subsequently required a tibial-fibular osteotomy at a second site with placement of an intramedullary nail for correction of a leg-length discrepancy.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This case report illustrates the complex management of chronic osteomyelitis in pediatric patients, its sequelae, and the importance of considering treatment of atypical pathogens.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2106\/jbjs.cc.17.00144","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,27]],"date-time":"2018-03-27T16:04:22Z","timestamp":1522166662000},"page":"e20-e20","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Chronic Osteomyelitis Caused by Haemophilus parainfluenzae"],"prefix":"10.2106","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Vignesh","family":"Ramachandran","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lee S.","family":"Haruno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Texas Children\u2019s Hospital, Houston, Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Theodora S.","family":"Browne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Texas Children\u2019s Hospital, Houston, Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laila E.","family":"Woc-Colburn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott B.","family":"Rosenfeld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Texas Children\u2019s Hospital, Houston, Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1511-357X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vinitha R.","family":"Shenava","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Texas Children\u2019s Hospital, Houston, Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,28]]},"reference":[{"issue":"14","key":"bib1-20230713","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199704033361406","article-title":"Osteomyelitis","volume":"336","author":"Lew","year":"1997","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib2-20230713","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcl.2005.02.005","article-title":"Bone and joint infections in children","volume":"52","author":"Gutierrez","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pediatr Clin North 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