{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T14:38:11Z","timestamp":1787755091898,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JBJS Case Connector"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Update<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>This article was updated on January 14, 2020, because of a previous error. On page 1, in the Abstract and the section entitled \u201cCase Reports,\u201d the word that had read \u201cGenentech\u201c now reads \u201cGenetech.\u201d<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>An erratum has been published: JBJS Case Connect. 2020 Feb 5;10(1):e0363ER.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Case:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The use of biologics is rapidly expanding. Over the past decade, there has been a significant increase in the number of cash-based \u201cstem cell\u201d\/regenerative medicine clinics in the United States. These clinics provide cash-based services touting stem cell injections to cure a myriad of conditions. Largely, these clinics are unregulated and using injections in a non\u2013Food and Drug Administration\u2013approved manner. We report on 2 patients who presented with symptoms suggestive of septic arthritis following stem cell injections by cash-based local stem cell clinics. Case 1 involved a patient who developed septic arthritis following an injection of umbilical cord blood\u2013derived cellular products (Genetech) and required an antibiotic spacer followed by a total hip arthroplasty. Case 2 involved a patient who developed a likely immune-mediated reaction following an injection of morselized human placental allograft tissue by a local chiropractic office at a cost of approximately $8,000.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We present these cases to bring increased awareness to the issue and call for increased regulation of this practice.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2106\/jbjs.cc.19.00363","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,9]],"date-time":"2019-12-09T11:14:34Z","timestamp":1575890074000},"page":"e0363-e0363","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Cash-Based Stem-Cell 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Florida"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8764-8886","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Glenn G.","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3604-6954","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benjamin K.","family":"Wilke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"bib1-20230811","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.2217\/rme-2018-0056","article-title":"Mapping and driving the stem cell ecosystem","volume":"13","author":"Knoepfler","year":"2018","journal-title":"Regen 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A Report of Two Cases of Patients Harmed by Intra-articular Stem Cell Injections"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2106\/jbjs.cc.19.00363","relation":{},"ISSN":["2160-3251"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2160-3251","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019]]}}}