{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T14:48:14Z","timestamp":1787755694780,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Case:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We describe 3 cases of children, ages ranging from 3 years 11 months to 6 years 3 months, who presented with medial condyle fractures (MCF) over a 3-year period with 3 distinct treatment outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pediatric MCFs are rare and difficult to diagnose, but evidence of severe edema in the presence of an apparent avulsion fracture on the medial side of the elbow in patients younger than 6 years old could suggest the possibility of a displaced fracture of the medial humeral condyle and additional assessment involving evaluation under anesthesia, arthrography, or advanced imaging may be warranted. Open reduction with internal fixation should be considered for displaced fractures.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2106\/jbjs.cc.19.00438","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,10]],"date-time":"2020-06-10T13:03:42Z","timestamp":1591794222000},"page":"e0438-e0438","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Medial Condyle Fractures of the Humerus in the Pediatric Population: Diagnostic Challenges"],"prefix":"10.2106","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6875-3346","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brian K.","family":"Zukotynski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1839-5712","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jared M.","family":"Alswang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthopaedic Institute for Children, Los Angeles, California"},{"name":"Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mauricio","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthopaedic Institute for Children, Los Angeles, California"},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, Los Angeles, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"bib1-20230720","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1097\/01241398-200201000-00002","article-title":"Medial condyle fractures of the humerus in children","volume":"22","author":"Leet","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop."},{"issue":"7","key":"bib2-20230720","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198062070-00016","article-title":"Displaced fractures of the medial humeral condyle in children","volume":"62","author":"Fowles","year":"1980","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib3-20230720","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.129.1.49","article-title":"Injuries of the medial epicondylar ossification center of the humerus","volume":"129","author":"Chessare","year":"1977","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib4-20230720","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1007\/s10195-011-0155-x","article-title":"Late diagnosis of medial condyle fracture of the humerus with rotational displacement in a child","volume":"12","author":"Song","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Orthop Traumatol."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib5-20230720","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1007\/s00068-018-0930-y","article-title":"Medial humeral condyle fracture in childhood: a rare but often overlooked injury","volume":"45","author":"Fernandez","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib6-20230720","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1097\/BPB.0000000000000369","article-title":"Malunion of medial condyle fracture of the humerus: a case report","volume":"26","author":"Sugiura","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop B."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib7-20230720","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.49B4.766","article-title":"Injury to the lower medial epiphysis of the humerus before development of the ossific centre. 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