{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T14:44:14Z","timestamp":1787755454892,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Case:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A nonverbal 2-year-old boy presented with acute-on-chronic thoracolumbar fracture-subluxation with associated chylothorax and progressive neurologic dysfunction secondary to nonaccidental trauma. We discussed the successful management of this patient with short-segment pedicle screw instrumentation resulting in complete resolution of his chylothoraxes and neurologic impairment. A clinical follow-up is reported out to 12 months after hardware removal.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Thoracolumbar fracture-subluxation with massive chylothorax is a rare and important presentation of nonaccidental trauma that must be recognized. Temporary pedicle screw fixation is a successful treatment option for young children presenting with this difficult spinal pathology.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2106\/jbjs.cc.21.00129","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,22]],"date-time":"2021-12-22T15:00:07Z","timestamp":1640185207000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Child Abuse with Thoracolumbar Fracture-Dislocation Treated with Pedicle Screw Fixation in a 2-Year-Old"],"prefix":"10.2106","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8777-2983","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrick","family":"Thornley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0682-3097","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Devin","family":"Peterson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5769-2867","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Waleed","family":"Kishta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"bib1-20240805","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1097\/BPO.0000000000000111","article-title":"Characteristics of spinal injuries secondary to nonaccidental trauma","volume":"34","author":"Knox","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop.."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib2-20240805","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1097\/PEC.0000000000000471","article-title":"Distraction injury of the thoracic spine with spinal cord transection and vascular injury in a 5-week-old infant boy: a case of child physical abuse","volume":"33","author":"Brink","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pediatr Emerg Care."},{"issue":"6","key":"bib3-20240805","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2023","DOI":"10.1111\/1556-4029.14521","article-title":"Abusive pediatric thoracolumbar fracture due to forced hyperextension: case report, biomechanical considerations, and review of the literature","volume":"65","author":"Webb","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Forensic Sci.."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib4-20240805","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1097\/BPO.0000000000000877","article-title":"Spine injuries in child abuse","volume":"39","author":"Jauregui","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop.."},{"issue":"11","key":"bib5-20240805","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1507","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-013-2726-x","article-title":"Prevalence and relevance of pediatric spinal fractures in suspected child abuse","volume":"43","author":"Barber","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol.."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib6-20240805","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-002-0857-6","article-title":"Thoracolumbar fracture with listhesis - 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