{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T14:45:54Z","timestamp":1787755554448,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Case:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A 57-year-old man presented with pain and paresthesia in both hands and was diagnosed with pronator teres syndrome. Surgical decompression of the left elbow and forearm revealed the median nerve in an unusual anatomic location, specifically running within the pronator teres muscle.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Anatomic anomalies of the pronator teres muscle and the path of the median nerve have been described. However, there are no reports of the median nerve entering and traveling within the pronator teres. Surgeons should be aware of this anomaly to avoid potential iatrogenic injury when performing an anterior surgical approach to the elbow and proximal forearm.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2106\/jbjs.cc.22.00227","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,1]],"date-time":"2022-09-01T14:04:38Z","timestamp":1662041078000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Unusual Anatomic Location of the Median Nerve Within the Pronator Teres Muscle"],"prefix":"10.2106","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4925-8833","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ben","family":"Yarbrough","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Hand and Arm Surgery, Madison, New Jersey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3498-6301","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter Y.W.","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Hand and Arm Surgery, Madison, New Jersey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0312-1305","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Virak","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Hand and Arm Surgery, Madison, New Jersey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"bib2-20240805","first-page":"34","article-title":"The relation of the median nerve to the heads of origin of the pronator teres muscle, a study of 300 specimens","volume":"26","author":"Jamieson","year":"1952","journal-title":"Q Bull Northwest Univ Med Sch."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib3-20240805","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbo.2016.04.008","article-title":"Anatomical variations of pronator teres muscle: predispositional role for nerve entrapment","volume":"52","author":"Caetano","year":"2017","journal-title":"Rev Bras Ortop."},{"issue":"pt 4","key":"bib4-20240805","first-page":"577","article-title":"An additional (third and separate) head of the pronator teres muscle","volume":"70","author":"Barrett","year":"1936","journal-title":"J Anat."},{"key":"bib5-20240805","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.2535\/ofaj1936.40.3_195","article-title":"Statistics on the musculature of the Japanese","volume":"40","author":"Mori","year":"1964","journal-title":"Okajimas Folia Anat Jpn."},{"key":"bib6-20240805","first-page":"35","article-title":"Variations of the pronator teres muscle: predispositional role to median nerve entrapment","volume":"74","author":"Nebot-Cegarra","year":"1991","journal-title":"Arch Anat Histol Embryol."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib7-20240805","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1007\/s12565-017-0413-y","article-title":"Anatomical variations of the pronator teres muscle in a Central European population and its clinical significance","volume":"93","author":"Olewnik","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anat Sci Int."},{"key":"bib8-20240805","first-page":"251","article-title":"Primary myoses in the M. pronator teres as cause of lesion of the N. medianus (the pronator syndrome)","volume":"74","author":"Seyffarth","year":"1951","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr Neurol Scand Suppl."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib9-20240805","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.312105122","article-title":"MR imaging mapping of skeletal muscle denervation in entrapment and compressive neuropathies","volume":"31","author":"Kim","year":"2011","journal-title":"Radiographics."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib10-20240805","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hansur.2019.10.197","article-title":"Anatomy of the median nerve and its clinical applications","volume":"39","author":"Soubeyrand","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hand Surg Rehabil."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib11-20240805","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1016\/0363-5023(93)90373-B","article-title":"Bilateral pronator syndrome associated with anomalous heads of the pronator teres muscle: a case report","volume":"18","author":"Lacey","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib12-20240805","first-page":"188","article-title":"[Pronator teres syndrome. 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