{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T14:47:29Z","timestamp":1787755649078,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Cases:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Three adolescent athletes ages 15 to 16 years with symptomatic L5-S1 spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis underwent surgical treatment. Two patients underwent direct pars repair, and the other patient underwent L5\/S1 anterior lumbar interbody fusion with posterior percutaneous pedicle screw fixation. Robot-assisted posterior screw placement was planned and executed using MRI-generated synthetic CT (sCT). Each patient noted improvements in back pain and ambulation postoperatively.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These are the first reported cases using sCT-guidance for robot-assisted spine surgery. This enabling technology minimizes radiation by avoiding a preoperative CT and intraoperative 3D scan.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2106\/jbjs.cc.25.00722","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]],"date-time":"2026-05-22T18:00:20Z","timestamp":1779472820000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Synthetic CT Minimizes Radiation in Robot-Assisted Pediatric Spondylolysis and Spondylolisthesis Surgery"],"prefix":"10.2106","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7520-2916","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jalen","family":"Dansby","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James P.","family":"Caruso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7088-5906","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kenneth","family":"Illingworth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6137-5576","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David L.","family":"Skaggs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"bib1-20260522","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e18944","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000018944","article-title":"Robot-assisted direct repair of spondylolysis: a case report","volume":"99","author":"Tian","year":"2020","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)."},{"key":"bib2-20260522","first-page":"100284","article-title":"New technique and case report: robot-assisted intralaminar screw fixation of spondylolysis in an adolescent","volume":"16","author":"Narendran","year":"2023","journal-title":"N Am Spine Soc J."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib3-20260522","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1097\/MOP.0000000000001199","article-title":"Advances in robotics and pediatric spine surgery","volume":"35","author":"Cirrincione","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr Opin Pediatr."},{"issue":"10","key":"bib4-20260522","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1097\/BPO.0000000000001947","article-title":"Intraoperative use of robotics with navigation for pedicle screw placement in treatment of pediatric high-grade spondylolisthesis: a preliminary report","volume":"41","author":"Linden","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop."},{"issue":"7","key":"bib5-20260522","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E417","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000001846","article-title":"CT radiation dose reduction in robot-assisted pediatric spinal surgery","volume":"42","author":"Sensakovic","year":"2017","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib6-20260522","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2024066855","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2024-066855","article-title":"Optimizing advanced imaging of the pediatric patient in the emergency department: technical report","volume":"154","author":"Marin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pediatrics."},{"issue":"20","key":"bib7-20260522","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1613","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000001097","article-title":"Spine computed tomography radiation dose reduction: protocol refinement based on measurement variation at simulated lower radiation acquisitions","volume":"40","author":"Swanson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib8-20260522","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-021-05170-0","article-title":"Radiation dose levels of thoracic-lumbar spine CT in pediatric trauma patients and assessment of scan parameters for dose optimization","volume":"52","author":"Arslan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib9-20260522","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1421","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.2018180041","article-title":"Radiation dose reduction at pediatric CT: use of low tube voltage and iterative reconstruction","volume":"38","author":"Nagayama","year":"2018","journal-title":"Radiographics."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib10-20260522","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1148\/rg.2019180082","article-title":"Advanced CT techniques for decreasing radiation dose, reducing sedation requirements, and optimizing image quality in children","volume":"39","author":"Gottumukkala","year":"2019","journal-title":"Radiographics."},{"issue":"7","key":"bib11-20260522","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2011.11.041","article-title":"CT in children\u2014dose protection and general considerations when planning a CT in a child","volume":"82","author":"Sorantin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol."},{"issue":"8","key":"bib12-20260522","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2013.311","article-title":"The use of computed tomography in pediatrics and the associated radiation exposure and estimated cancer risk","volume":"167","author":"Miglioretti","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr."},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"bib13-20260522","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S75","DOI":"10.1097\/BPO.0000000000001822","article-title":"Radiation reduction strategies in pediatric orthopaedics","volume":"41","author":"Sawyer","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib14-20260522","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.112.4.951","article-title":"Computed tomography and radiation risks: what pediatric health care providers should know","volume":"112","author":"Frush","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pediatrics."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib15-20260522","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e25.00099","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.OA.25.00099","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging-generated synthetic computed tomography in pediatric spine patients","volume":"10","author":"Michael","year":"2025","journal-title":"JBJS Open Access."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib16-20260522","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E13","DOI":"10.3171\/2020.10.FOCUS20801","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging\u2013based synthetic computed tomography of the lumbar spine for surgical planning: a clinical proof-of-concept","volume":"50","author":"Staartjes","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurosurg Focus."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib17-20260522","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3171\/CASE23120","article-title":"Robot-assisted screw fixation in a cadaver utilizing magnetic resonance imaging\u2013based synthetic computed tomography: toward radiation-free spine surgery. Illustrative case","volume":"6","author":"Davidar","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Case Lessons."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib18-20260522","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2024.10.020","article-title":"Robotic pedicle screw placement with 3D MRI registration: moving toward radiation-free robotic spine surgery","volume":"25","author":"Altorfer","year":"2025","journal-title":"Spine J."},{"key":"bib19-20260522","article-title":"Reconstruction of osseous structures in MRI scans of the cervical spine with BoneMRI: a quantitative analysis","author":"Van der Kolk","year":"2019"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib20-20260522","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-2998(86)80027-7","article-title":"ALARA and an integrated approach to radiation protection","volume":"16","author":"Hendee","year":"1986","journal-title":"Semin Nucl Med."},{"issue":"6","key":"bib21-20260522","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1007\/s00270-021-02772-x","article-title":"How to measure\/calculate radiation dose in patients?","volume":"44","author":"Loose","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol."}],"container-title":["JBJS Case Connector"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.2106\/JBJS.CC.25.00722","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T13:46:09Z","timestamp":1787751969000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.2106\/JBJS.CC.25.00722"}},"subtitle":["A Report of 3 Cases"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2106\/jbjs.cc.25.00722","relation":{},"ISSN":["2160-3251"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2160-3251","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]}}}