{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T14:38:12Z","timestamp":1787755092759,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>BACKGROUND:<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Elbow contracture is a recognized sequela of elbow injuries in children and adolescents, but previous studies of operative treatment with formal capsular release have demonstrated unpredictable outcomes and unfavorable results.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>METHODS:<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Over a period of five years, fourteen children and adolescents with a mean age of fourteen years who had posttraumatic stiffness of the elbow were managed according to a prospective protocol. Eleven patients had undergone a mean of three previous operative procedures before the index operation. After intraoperative distraction with an external fixator, there was a relaxation phase for six days followed by mobilization of the elbow joint under distraction in the fixator for a mean of seven weeks. Intraoperative range of motion under distraction reached a mean of 100\u00b0. Open arthrolysis was not performed, but in four children impinging heterotopic bone was removed through a limited approach. Decompression of the ulnar nerve was performed in seven patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>RESULTS:<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>The mean preoperative arc of total elbow motion was 37\u00b0. The mean pronation was 46\u00b0, and the mean supination was 56\u00b0. After a mean duration of follow-up of thirty-four months, all patients but two had achieved an arc of motion of 100\u00b0. The mean arc of flexion-extension was 108\u00b0 (range, 75\u00b0 to 130\u00b0). The mean range of pronation was 73\u00b0 (range, 20\u00b0 to 90\u00b0), and the mean range of supination was 75\u00b0 (range, 10\u00b0 to 90\u00b0). There were no pin-track infections or deep infections, and all elbows were stable. At the time of follow-up, three patients had radiographic evidence of humeroulnar degeneration.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>Closed distraction of the elbow joint with use of a monolateral external fixation frame with motion capacity yields more favorable results than other previously reported options for the treatment of posttraumatic elbow contractures in children and adolescents.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2106\/jbjs.f.01122","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,1]],"date-time":"2007-03-01T23:25:13Z","timestamp":1172791513000},"page":"26-35","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Mechanical Distraction for the Treatment of Posttraumatic Stiffness of the Elbow in Children and Adolescents"],"prefix":"10.2106","volume":"89","author":[{"given":"Konrad","family":"Mader","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, St. Vinzenz-Hospital, Merheimer Strasse 221-223, D-50733 Cologne, Germany. E-mail address for K. Mader:"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas Christian","family":"Koslowsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, St. Vinzenz-Hospital, Merheimer Strasse 221-223, D-50733 Cologne, Germany. E-mail address for K. Mader:"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Gausepohl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, St. Vinzenz-Hospital, Merheimer Strasse 221-223, D-50733 Cologne, Germany. E-mail address for K. Mader:"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dietmar","family":"Pennig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, St. Vinzenz-Hospital, Merheimer Strasse 221-223, D-50733 Cologne, Germany. E-mail address for K. Mader:"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-20231004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200203000-00008","volume":"84","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"R2-20231004","first-page":"1","volume":"369","year":"1966","journal-title":"Acta Chir Scand Suppl"},{"key":"R3-20231004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-200001000-00011","volume":"370","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"R4-20231004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1097\/01241398-199407000-00007","volume":"14","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"key":"R5-20231004","first-page":"580","volume":"21","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"key":"R6-20231004","first-page":"142","volume":"10","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"key":"R7-20231004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1097\/01202412-200411000-00009","volume":"13","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop B"},{"key":"R8-20231004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200205000-00021","volume":"84","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"R9-20231004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197557050-00001","volume":"57","year":"1975","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"R10-20231004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-200001000-00008","volume":"370","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"key":"R11-20231004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.3928\/0147-7447-20011101-20","volume":"24","year":"2001","journal-title":"Orthopedics"}],"container-title":["Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/00004623-200703001-00003","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T13:37:20Z","timestamp":1787751440000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/00004623-200703001-00003"}},"subtitle":["Surgical Technique"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,3]]},"references-count":11,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2106\/jbjs.f.01122","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-9355","1535-1386"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-9355","type":"print"},{"value":"1535-1386","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,3]]}}}