{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T13:48:47Z","timestamp":1791899327014,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":123,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"17","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,12,1]]},"DOI":"10.2106\/jbjs.j.00257","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,12,1]],"date-time":"2010-12-01T13:45:23Z","timestamp":1291211123000},"page":"2852-2868","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":87,"title":["Traumatic and Trauma-Related Amputations"],"prefix":"10.2106","volume":"92","author":[{"given":"LT Scott M.","family":"Tintle","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"CDR John J.","family":"Keeling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"LTC Scott B.","family":"Shawen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"LCDR Jonathan A.","family":"Forsberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"MAJ Benjamin K.","family":"Potter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"bib1-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2007.11.005","article-title":"Estimating the prevalence of limb loss in the United States: 2005 to 2050","volume":"89","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil."},{"key":"bib2-20210131","first-page":"1","article-title":"Ambulatory and inpatient procedures in the United States, 1996","volume":"139","year":"1998","journal-title":"Vital Health Stat 13."},{"key":"bib3-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.3928\/0147-7447-19930701-08","article-title":"The plight of the traumatic amputee","volume":"16","year":"1993","journal-title":"Orthopedics."},{"key":"bib4-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0b013e31818e43dd","article-title":"Complications following limb-threatening lower extremity trauma","volume":"23","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma."},{"key":"bib5-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1636","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200408000-00006","article-title":"Functional outcomes following trauma-related lower-extremity amputation","volume":"86","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am."},{"key":"bib7-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1924","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa012604","article-title":"An analysis of outcomes of reconstruction or amputation after leg-threatening injuries","volume":"347","year":"2002","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"issue":"10 Spec No.","key":"bib8-20210131","first-page":"S205","article-title":"Factors influencing outcome following limb-threatening lower limb trauma: lessons learned from the Lower Extremity Assessment Project (LEAP)","volume":"14","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Am Acad Orthop Surg."},{"key":"bib9-20210131","first-page":"1801","article-title":"Long-term persistence of disability following severe lower-limb trauma. Results of a seven-year follow-up","volume":"87","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am."},{"key":"bib10-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1685","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200708000-00003","article-title":"Health-care costs associated with amputation or reconstruction of a limb-threatening injury","volume":"89","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am."},{"key":"bib11-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1738","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.G.00136","article-title":"Ability of lower-extremity injury severity scores to predict functional outcome after limb salvage","volume":"90","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am."},{"key":"bib12-20210131","first-page":"2601","article-title":"The insensate foot following severe lower extremity trauma: an indication for amputation?","volume":"87","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am."},{"key":"bib13-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-198503000-00006","article-title":"Open tibial fractures with associated vascular injuries: prognosis for limb salvage","volume":"25","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Trauma."},{"key":"bib14-20210131","first-page":"67","article-title":"Open tibia fracture: amputation versus limb salvage. Opinion: below-the-knee amputation","volume":"21","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma."},{"key":"bib15-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2009.11.005","article-title":"The mangled foot and leg: salvage versus amputation","volume":"15","year":"2010","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Clin."},{"issue":"4 Suppl","key":"bib16-20210131","first-page":"S93","article-title":"Predicting the need for early amputation in ballistic mangled extremity injuries","volume":"66","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Trauma."},{"key":"bib17-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.G.01566","article-title":"Comparison of irrigation solutions and devices in a contaminated musculoskeletal wound survival model","volume":"91","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am."},{"key":"bib18-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1097\/01.blo.0000182246.37454.b2","article-title":"High-pressure pulsatile lavage propagates bacteria into soft tissue","volume":"439","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res."},{"key":"bib19-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1097\/00005131-200207000-00008","article-title":"The biomechanical effect of high-pressure irrigation on diaphyseal fracture healing in vivo","volume":"16","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma."},{"key":"bib20-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1097\/00005131-199809000-00009","article-title":"High pressure pulsatile lavage of contaminated human tibiae: an in vitro study","volume":"12","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma."},{"key":"bib21-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1097\/00005131-199911000-00002","article-title":"High and low pressure pulsatile lavage of contaminated tibial fractures: an in vitro study of bacterial adherence and bone damage","volume":"13","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma."},{"key":"bib22-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1097\/00005131-199809000-00005","article-title":"High pressure pulsatile lavage irrigation of intraarticular fractures: effects on fracture healing","volume":"12","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma."},{"key":"bib23-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-1383(93)90040-D","article-title":"Gradual closure of fasciotomy wounds using a vessel loop shoelace","volume":"24","year":"1993","journal-title":"Injury."},{"key":"bib24-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.G.00265","article-title":"Correlation of procalcitonin and cytokine expression with dehiscence of wartime extremity wounds","volume":"90","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am."},{"key":"bib25-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1097\/00005131-199212000-00001","article-title":"The use of antibiotic-impregnated polymethylmethacrylate beads to prevent the evolution of localized infection","volume":"6","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma."},{"key":"bib26-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.3109\/03093649409164665","article-title":"The biomechanics of trans-femoral amputation","volume":"18","year":"1994","journal-title":"Prosthet Orthot Int."},{"key":"bib27-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199904000-00003","article-title":"Transfemoral amputation. Biomechanics and surgery","volume":"361","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res."},{"key":"bib28-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199904000-00015","article-title":"Transtibial amputations","volume":"361","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res."},{"key":"bib29-20210131","first-page":"663","article-title":"Controversies in lower extremity amputation","volume":"57","year":"2008","journal-title":"Instr Course Lect."},{"key":"bib30-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199607000-00020","article-title":"An electromyographic study of the hip muscles of transfemoral amputees in walking","volume":"328","year":"1996","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res."},{"key":"bib31-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"874","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197153050-00003","article-title":"Amputations of the leg for peripheral vascular insufficiency","volume":"53","year":"1971","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am."},{"issue":"Suppl","key":"bib32-20210131","first-page":"1","article-title":"The problem of the geriatric amputee","volume":"12","year":"1968","journal-title":"Artif Limbs."},{"key":"bib34-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.7205\/MILMED-D-02-8907","article-title":"Long-term outcomes of unilateral transtibial amputations","volume":"174","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mil Med."},{"key":"bib35-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1873","DOI":"10.1080\/09638280902810968","article-title":"Long-term clinical outcomes of Iranian veterans with unilateral transfemoral amputation","volume":"31","year":"2009","journal-title":"Disabil Rehabil."},{"key":"bib36-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"908","DOI":"10.1097\/01.prs.0000299281.57480.77","article-title":"The role of peripheral nerve surgery in the treatment of chronic pain associated with amputation stumps","volume":"121","year":"2008","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg."},{"key":"bib37-20210131","first-page":"124","article-title":"Epineurial capping via Surgitron and the reduction of stump neuromas in the rat","volume":"31","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Foot Surg."},{"key":"bib38-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/S0030-5898(20)30341-2","article-title":"Treatment of painful neuromas","volume":"19","year":"1988","journal-title":"Orthop Clin North Am."},{"key":"bib39-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/S0363-5023(77)80013-0","article-title":"The prevention and treatment of amputation neuromata by silicone capping","volume":"2","year":"1977","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am."},{"key":"bib40-20210131","first-page":"379","article-title":"A new operation for the prevention and treatment of amputation neuromas","volume":"71","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br."},{"key":"bib41-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197658010-00007","article-title":"Energy cost of walking of amputees: the influence of level of amputation","volume":"58","year":"1976","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am."},{"key":"bib42-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.1100060208","article-title":"Energy-speed relationship of walking: standard tables","volume":"6","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Orthop Res."},{"key":"bib43-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.3928\/0147-7447-19920901-07","article-title":"Energy demands for walking in dysvascular amputees as related to the level of amputation","volume":"15","year":"1992","journal-title":"Orthopedics."},{"key":"bib44-20210131","first-page":"111","article-title":"Energy expenditure in below-knee amputees: correlation with stump length","volume":"55","year":"1974","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil."},{"key":"bib45-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1032","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198870070-00011","article-title":"Comparable energy expenditure after arthrodesis of the hip and ankle","volume":"70","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am."},{"key":"bib46-20210131","first-page":"1118","article-title":"Controversies in lower-extremity amputation","volume":"89","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am."},{"key":"bib47-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1097\/00000637-200202000-00009","article-title":"Microsurgical free flap transfer to amputation sites: indications and results","volume":"48","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ann Plast Surg."},{"key":"bib48-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2764","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.G.00229","article-title":"Traumatic transfemoral amputation with concomitant ipsilateral proximal femoral fracture. A report of two cases","volume":"89","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am."},{"key":"bib49-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2312","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.J.00138","article-title":"Outcomes associated with the internal fixation of long-bone fractures proximal to traumatic amputations","volume":"92","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am."},{"key":"bib50-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.3113\/FAI.2008.0787","article-title":"Perioperative differences between bone bridging and non-bone bridging transtibial amputations for wartime lower extremity trauma","volume":"29","year":"2008","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int."},{"key":"bib51-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200703000-00003","article-title":"Heterotopic ossification following traumatic and combat-related amputations. Prevalence, risk factors, and preliminary results of excision","volume":"89","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am."},{"key":"bib52-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-198706000-00002","article-title":"Free flaps to preserve below-knee amputation stumps: long-term evaluation","volume":"79","year":"1987","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg."},{"key":"bib53-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1097\/01.PRS.0000149482.96729.11","article-title":"Leg length preservation with pedicled fillet of foot flaps after traumatic amputations","volume":"115","year":"2005","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg."},{"key":"bib54-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/0007-1226(87)90131-7","article-title":"Total cutaneous harvesting from an amputated foot\u2014two free flaps used for acute reconstruction","volume":"40","year":"1987","journal-title":"Br J Plast Surg."},{"key":"bib55-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1054\/bjps.2000.3343","article-title":"Skin grafting an amputation stump: considerations for the choice of donor site","volume":"53","year":"2000","journal-title":"Br J Plast Surg."},{"key":"bib56-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-199104000-00008","article-title":"The role of microvascular free flaps in salvaging below-knee amputation stumps: a review of 22 cases","volume":"31","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Trauma."},{"key":"bib57-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1145","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199510000-00023","article-title":"Salvage of traumatic below-knee amputation stumps utilizing the filet of foot free flap: critical evaluation of six cases","volume":"96","year":"1995","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg."},{"key":"bib58-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-200109150-00011","article-title":"The concept of fillet flaps: classification, indications, and analysis of their clinical value","volume":"108","year":"2001","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg."},{"key":"bib59-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-200203000-00033","article-title":"Reconstruction of short lower leg stumps with the osteomusculocutaneous latissimus dorsi-rib flap","volume":"109","year":"2002","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg."},{"key":"bib60-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-198706000-00001","article-title":"Salvage of amputation stumps by secondary reconstruction utilizing microsurgical free-tissue transfer","volume":"79","year":"1987","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg."},{"key":"bib61-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.3109\/03093648709078181","article-title":"The value of stump split skin grafting following amputation for trauma in adult upper and lower limb amputees","volume":"11","year":"1987","journal-title":"Prosthet Orthot Int."},{"key":"bib62-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199604001-00030","article-title":"Tissue expansion: a method to preserve bone length and joints following traumatic amputations of the leg\u2014a follow-up of five legs amputated at different levels","volume":"97","year":"1996","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg."},{"key":"bib63-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-198601000-00021","article-title":"Tissue expansion: its role in traumatic below-knee amputations","volume":"77","year":"1986","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg."},{"key":"bib64-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-198269010-00001","article-title":"Salvage replantation of lower limb amputations","volume":"69","year":"1982","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg."},{"key":"bib65-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1054","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200505000-00017","article-title":"Function of skin grafts in children following acquired amputation of the lower extremity","volume":"87","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am."},{"key":"bib66-20210131","first-page":"614","article-title":"Syme\u2019s amputation; the technical details essential for success","volume":"38","year":"1956","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br."},{"key":"bib67-20210131","first-page":"93","article-title":"Amputation at the ankle joint","volume":"2","year":"1843","journal-title":"London Edinburgh Month J Med Science."},{"key":"bib68-20210131","first-page":"461","article-title":"Syme\u2019s amputation revisited: a review of 46 cases","volume":"78","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br."},{"key":"bib69-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198264030-00015","article-title":"Partial foot amputations in children. A comparison of the several types with the Syme amputation","volume":"64","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am."},{"key":"bib70-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1177\/107110079401500104","article-title":"Achilles tendon tenodesis to prevent heel pad migration in the Syme\u2019s amputation","volume":"15","year":"1994","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int."},{"key":"bib71-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197557030-00011","article-title":"Syme\u2019s amputation. Follow-up study of weight-bearing in sixty-eight patients","volume":"57","year":"1975","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am."},{"key":"bib72-20210131","first-page":"339","article-title":"A prospective study of lower limb amputations","volume":"26","year":"1983","journal-title":"Can J Surg."},{"key":"bib73-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0b013e3181a10241","article-title":"Quality of life among veterans with war-related unilateral lower extremity amputation: a long-term survey in a prosthesis center in Iran","volume":"23","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma."},{"key":"bib74-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200103000-00010","article-title":"Transtibial amputees from the Vietnam War. Twenty-eight-year follow-up","volume":"83","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am."},{"key":"bib75-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-1383(89)90041-7","article-title":"How successful is below-knee amputation for injury?","volume":"20","year":"1989","journal-title":"Injury."},{"key":"bib76-20210131","first-page":"415","article-title":"Measurement of energy expenditure during ambulation, with special reference to evaluation of assistive devices","volume":"40","year":"1959","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil."},{"key":"bib78-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.3928\/0147-7447-20050601-08","article-title":"Extended posterior flap for transtibial amputation","volume":"28","year":"2005","journal-title":"Orthopedics."},{"key":"bib79-20210131","first-page":"973","article-title":"Amputation at the knee joint","volume":"22","year":"1940","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am."},{"key":"bib80-20210131","first-page":"44","article-title":"Memoire sur l\u2019amputation de la jambe dans l\u2019articulation du genou, et description d\u2019un nouveau procede pour pratiquer cette operation","volume":"24","year":"1830","journal-title":"Arch Gen Med."},{"key":"bib81-20210131","first-page":"370","article-title":"Amputation at the knee-joint","volume":"II","year":"1825","journal-title":"Am Med Rev and J Original Selected Papers Med Surg."},{"key":"bib82-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199904000-00004","article-title":"Knee disarticulation","volume":"361","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res."},{"key":"bib83-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1571","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200011000-00009","article-title":"North American experience with knee disarticulation with use of a posterior myofasciocutaneous flap. Healing rate and functional results in seventy-seven patients","volume":"82","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am."},{"key":"bib84-20210131","first-page":"735","article-title":"[A new technic of transgenicular amputation]","volume":"56","year":"1985","journal-title":"Chirurg."},{"key":"bib85-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198365050-00003","article-title":"Ambulation levels of bilateral lower-extremity amputees. Analysis of one hundred and three cases","volume":"65","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am."},{"key":"bib86-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1080\/03093640108726601","article-title":"Consequences of non-vascular trans-femoral amputation: a survey of quality of life, prosthetic use and problems","volume":"25","year":"2001","journal-title":"Prosthet Orthot Int."},{"key":"bib87-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.1097\/01.TA.0000046260.16866.A9","article-title":"Long-term follow-up of unilateral transfemoral amputees from the Vietnam war","volume":"54","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Trauma."},{"key":"bib88-20210131","first-page":"55","article-title":"Maximal isometric muscle strength in healthy active male unilateral above-knee amputees, with special regard to the hip joint","volume":"5","year":"1973","journal-title":"Scand J Rehabil Med."},{"key":"bib89-20210131","first-page":"67","article-title":"Neurophysiological studies on muscle function in the stump of above-knee amputees","volume":"5","year":"1973","journal-title":"Scand J Rehabil Med."},{"key":"bib90-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1080\/03093640500224295","article-title":"Removable rigid dressings versus soft dressings: a randomized, controlled study with dysvascular, trans-tibial amputees","volume":"29","year":"2005","journal-title":"Prosthet Orthot Int."},{"key":"bib91-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1097\/00002060-198910000-00007","article-title":"Comparison of soft dressing and rigid dressing in the healing of amputated limbs of rabbits","volume":"68","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am J Phys Med Rehabil."},{"key":"bib92-20210131","first-page":"244","article-title":"The rigid versus soft postoperative dressing controversy: a controlled study in vascular below-knee amputees","volume":"46","year":"1980","journal-title":"Am Surg."},{"key":"bib93-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1080\/17461550500066832","article-title":"Stump management after trans-tibial amputation: a systematic review","volume":"29","year":"2005","journal-title":"Prosthet Orthot Int."},{"key":"bib94-20210131","first-page":"213","article-title":"Postoperative dressing and management strategies for transtibial amputations: a critical review","volume":"40","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Rehabil Res Dev."},{"key":"bib95-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197153020-00004","article-title":"Comparison of postoperative stump management: plaster vs. soft dressings","volume":"53","year":"1971","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am."},{"key":"bib96-20210131","first-page":"224","article-title":"Early weight-bearing in the treatment of amputations of the lower limbs","volume":"4","year":"1922","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am."},{"key":"bib97-20210131","first-page":"662","article-title":"[Temporary prosthetic fitting of lower limb amputees on the operating table. Technic and long-term results in 34 cases]","volume":"32","year":"1966","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Belg."},{"key":"bib98-20210131","first-page":"137","article-title":"The management of lower extremity amputees using immediate postsurgical prostheses","volume":"57","year":"1968","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res."},{"key":"bib99-20210131","first-page":"330","article-title":"Fitting of temporary prosthetic limbs immediately after amputation","volume":"107","year":"1967","journal-title":"Calif Med."},{"key":"bib100-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.3928\/0147-7447-19880701-08","article-title":"Early post-surgical prosthetic limb fitting in dysvascular below-knee amputees with a pre-fabricated temporary limb","volume":"11","year":"1988","journal-title":"Orthopedics."},{"key":"bib101-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1177\/107110070202300607","article-title":"Benefits of early prosthetic management of transtibial amputees: a prospective clinical study of a prefabricated prosthesis","volume":"23","year":"2002","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int."},{"key":"bib102-20210131","first-page":"386","article-title":"The immediate postoperative prosthesis (IPOP) in ischemia and septic amputations","volume":"54","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am Surg."},{"key":"bib103-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-199501000-00013","article-title":"Prosthetic history, prosthetic charges, and functional outcome of the isolated, traumatic below-knee amputee","volume":"38","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Trauma."},{"key":"bib104-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.7205\/MILMED-D-00-0608","article-title":"A review of the long-term health outcomes associated with war-related amputation","volume":"174","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mil Med."},{"key":"bib105-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1053\/apmr.2001.21962","article-title":"Back pain as a secondary disability in persons with lower limb amputations","volume":"82","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil."},{"key":"bib106-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2004.04.034","article-title":"The prevalence of knee pain and symptomatic knee osteoarthritis among veteran traumatic amputees and nonamputees","volume":"86","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil."},{"key":"bib107-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199904000-00005","article-title":"Phantom limb, residual limb, and back pain after lower extremity amputations","volume":"361","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res."},{"key":"bib108-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.3109\/03093648509164708","article-title":"A review of employment patterns of industrial amputees\u2014factors influencing rehabilitation","volume":"9","year":"1985","journal-title":"Prosthet Orthot Int."},{"key":"bib109-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2006.06.004","article-title":"Preamputation pain and acute pain predict chronic pain after lower extremity amputation","volume":"8","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Pain."},{"key":"bib110-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200509000-00027","article-title":"Postamputation pain and sensory changes in treatment-naive patients: characteristics and responses to treatment with tramadol, amitriptyline, and placebo","volume":"103","year":"2005","journal-title":"Anesthesiology."},{"key":"bib111-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1689","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200309000-00006","article-title":"Psychological distress associated with severe lower-limb injury","volume":"85","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am."},{"key":"bib112-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1384","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199910000-00003","article-title":"Long-term follow-up study of bilateral above-the-knee amputees from the Vietnam War","volume":"81","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am."},{"issue":"10 Spec No.","key":"bib113-20210131","first-page":"S188","article-title":"Amputation is not isolated: an overview of the US Army Amputee Patient Care Program and associated amputee injuries","volume":"14","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Am Acad Orthop Surg."},{"key":"bib114-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-9993(00)90074-1","article-title":"Rehabilitation and the long-term outcomes of persons with trauma-related amputations","volume":"81","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil."},{"key":"bib115-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2008.08.220","article-title":"The prevalence of osteoarthritis of the intact hip and knee among traumatic leg amputees","volume":"90","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil."},{"key":"bib116-20210131","first-page":"2","article-title":"About amputation stumps","volume":"20","year":"1949","journal-title":"Chirurgie."},{"key":"bib117-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1097\/BCO.0b013e32805aedcf","article-title":"Recent advances in lower-extremity amputations","volume":"18","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr Opin Orthop."},{"key":"bib118-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.3113\/FAI-2009-0443","article-title":"An alternative technique for the Ertl osteomyoplasty","volume":"30","year":"2009","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int."},{"key":"bib119-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1177\/107110070602701107","article-title":"Health-related quality of life in patients with transtibial amputation and reconstruction with bone bridging of the distal tibia and fibula","volume":"27","year":"2006","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int."},{"key":"bib120-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2682","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.G.01593","article-title":"Distal tibiofibular bone-bridging in transtibial amputation","volume":"90","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am."},{"key":"bib121-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.3109\/03093640409167753","article-title":"Fibular segment bone bridging in trans-tibial amputation","volume":"28","year":"2004","journal-title":"Prosthet Orthot Int."},{"key":"bib122-20210131","first-page":"175","article-title":"Osseointegration in skeletal reconstruction and rehabilitation: a review","volume":"38","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Rehabil Res Dev."},{"key":"bib123-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1080\/03093640500238014","article-title":"Socket versus bone-anchored trans-femoral prostheses: hip range of motion and sitting comfort","volume":"29","year":"2005","journal-title":"Prosthet Orthot Int."},{"key":"bib124-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1080\/03093640308726667","article-title":"Rehabilitation of the trans-femoral amputee with an osseointegrated prosthesis: the United Kingdom experience","volume":"27","year":"2003","journal-title":"Prosthet Orthot Int."},{"key":"bib125-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1682\/JRRD.2008.06.0080","article-title":"One hundred patients treated with osseointegrated transfemoral amputation prostheses\u2014rehabilitation perspective","volume":"46","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Rehabil Res Dev."},{"key":"bib126-20210131","first-page":"114","article-title":"Sealing the skin barrier around transcutaneous implants: in vitro study of keratinocyte proliferation and adhesion in response to surface modifications of titanium alloy","volume":"90","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br."}],"container-title":["Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/00004623-201012010-00012","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T13:30:32Z","timestamp":1787751032000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/00004623-201012010-00012"}},"subtitle":["Part I: General Principles and Lower-Extremity Amputations"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,12,1]]},"references-count":123,"journal-issue":{"issue":"17","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2106\/jbjs.j.00257","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-9355","1535-1386"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-9355","type":"print"},{"value":"1535-1386","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,12,1]]}}}