{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T03:35:27Z","timestamp":1788320127304,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,6]]},"DOI":"10.2106\/jbjs.l.00772","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,6]],"date-time":"2013-03-06T15:37:38Z","timestamp":1362584258000},"page":"e28","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":138,"title":["Reconstruction of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament in the Skeletally Immature Athlete: A Review of Current Concepts"],"prefix":"10.2106","volume":"95","author":[{"given":"Peter D.","family":"Fabricant","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristofer J.","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Demetris","family":"Delos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frank A.","family":"Cordasco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert G.","family":"Marx","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew D.","family":"Pearle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Russell F.","family":"Warren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel W.","family":"Green","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"bib1-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465010290061801","article-title":"The relationship of the femoral origin of the anterior cruciate ligament and the distal femoral physeal plate in the skeletally immature knee. An anatomic study","volume":"29","year":"2001 Nov-Dec","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib2-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546510377399","article-title":"Size variability of the human anterior cruciate ligament insertion sites","volume":"39","year":"2011 Jan","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med."},{"key":"bib3-20210131"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib4-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1097\/BPO.0b013e318165219b","article-title":"An anatomical study of the pediatric intercondylar notch","volume":"28","year":"2008 Mar","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop."},{"issue":"8","key":"bib5-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1476","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546508318188","article-title":"A randomized controlled trial to prevent noncontact anterior cruciate ligament injury in female collegiate soccer players","volume":"36","year":"2008 Aug","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib6-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1007\/s00776-010-1474-0","article-title":"Effect of estrogen on tissue elasticity of the ligament proper in rabbit anterior cruciate ligament: measurements using scanning acoustic microscopy","volume":"15","year":"2010 Jul","journal-title":"J Orthop Sci."},{"issue":"6","key":"bib7-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1080\/17453670610013312","article-title":"Does estrogen alter the mechanical properties of the anterior cruciate ligament? An experimental study in rabbits","volume":"77","year":"2006 Dec","journal-title":"Acta Orthop."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib8-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knee.2008.09.005","article-title":"The effect of relaxin on the female anterior cruciate ligament: Analysis of mechanical properties in an animal model","volume":"16","year":"2009 Jan","journal-title":"Knee."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib9-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546508326713","article-title":"Changing hormone levels during the menstrual cycle affect knee laxity and stiffness in healthy female subjects","volume":"37","year":"2009 Mar","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med."},{"issue":"10","key":"bib10-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-200636100-00004","article-title":"The effects of the menstrual cycle on anterior knee laxity: a systematic review","volume":"36","year":"2006","journal-title":"Sports Med."},{"issue":"7","key":"bib11-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-009-0813-1","article-title":"Prevention of non-contact anterior cruciate ligament injuries in soccer players. Part 1: mechanisms of injury and underlying risk factors","volume":"17","year":"2009 Jul","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib12-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-5919(05)70204-0","article-title":"Gender differences in noncontact anterior cruciate ligament injuries","volume":"19","year":"2000 Apr","journal-title":"Clin Sports Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib13-20210131","article-title":"The effect of the shoe-surface interface in the development of anterior cruciate ligament strain","volume":"132","year":"2010 Jan","journal-title":"J Biomech Eng."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib14-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.3113\/FAI-2009-0405","article-title":"Effect of turf toe on foot contact pressures in professional American football players","volume":"30","year":"2009 May","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib15-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"976","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546509354055","article-title":"Surgical repair of meniscal tears with concomitant anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in patients 18 years and younger","volume":"38","year":"2010 May","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med."},{"issue":"6","key":"bib16-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1097\/01.bpo.0000242433.81187.89","article-title":"Combined anterior cruciate ligament and medial collateral ligament injuries in adolescents","volume":"26","year":"2006 Nov-Dec","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib17-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465030310042101","article-title":"Intraarticular injuries associated with anterior cruciate ligament tear: findings at ligament reconstruction in high school and recreational athletes. An analysis of sex-based differences","volume":"31","year":"2003 Jul-Aug","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med."},{"issue":"10","key":"bib18-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2105","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200710000-00002","article-title":"A randomized trial comparing autologous chondrocyte implantation with microfracture. Findings at five years","volume":"89","year":"2007 Oct","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib19-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1097\/01241398-199307000-00016","article-title":"Observations on acute knee hemarthrosis in children and adolescents","volume":"13","year":"1993 Jul-Aug","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib20-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.213.3.r99dc26697","article-title":"Anterior cruciate ligament tears: MR imaging-based diagnosis in a pediatric population","volume":"213","year":"1999 Dec","journal-title":"Radiology."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib21-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-0712(21)01310-X","article-title":"Approach to skeletal maturation","volume":"7","year":"1991 Feb","journal-title":"Hand Clin."},{"key":"bib22-20210131","first-page":"317","article-title":"Studies in the reliability of assessing skeletal maturity from x-rays. I. Greulich-Pyle Atlas","volume":"35","year":"1963 Sep","journal-title":"Hum Biol."},{"key":"bib23-20210131"},{"issue":"8","key":"bib24-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1221","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197961080-00013","article-title":"Microvasculature of the cruciate ligaments and its response to injury. An experimental study in dogs","volume":"61","year":"1979 Dec","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib25-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465020300051201","article-title":"Partial tears of the anterior cruciate ligament in children and adolescents","volume":"30","year":"2002 Sep-Oct","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib26-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1177\/036354658801600107","article-title":"Anterior cruciate ligament injuries in the young athlete with open physes","volume":"16","year":"1988 Jan-Feb","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib27-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/0749-8063(92)90041-9","article-title":"Anterior cruciate ligament tears in skeletally immature patients: meniscal pathology at presentation and after attempted conservative treatment","volume":"8","year":"1992","journal-title":"Arthroscopy."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib28-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.84B1.0840038","article-title":"The natural history and treatment of rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament in children and adolescents. A prospective review","volume":"84","year":"2002 Jan","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br."},{"issue":"6","key":"bib29-20210131","first-page":"890","article-title":"The conservative treatment of complete tears of the anterior cruciate ligament in skeletally immature patients","volume":"77","year":"1995 Nov","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br."},{"issue":"7","key":"bib30-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-009-0741-0","article-title":"Rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament in children: early reconstruction with open physes or delayed reconstruction to skeletal maturity?","volume":"17","year":"2009 Jul","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc."},{"issue":"9","key":"bib31-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1053\/jars.2002.36114","article-title":"Associated injuries in pediatric and adolescent anterior cruciate ligament tears: does a delay in treatment increase the risk of meniscal tear?","volume":"18","year":"2002 Nov-Dec","journal-title":"Arthroscopy."},{"issue":"12","key":"bib32-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2582","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546511420818","article-title":"Degeneration of the knee joint in skeletally immature patients with a diagnosis of an anterior cruciate ligament tear: is there harm in delay of treatment?","volume":"39","year":"2011 Dec","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med."},{"issue":"11","key":"bib33-20210131","first-page":"2371","article-title":"Physeal sparing reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament in skeletally immature prepubescent children and adolescents","volume":"87","year":"2005 Nov","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am."},{"issue":"6","key":"bib34-20210131","first-page":"960","article-title":"The effect of intra-articular ACL reconstruction on the growth plates of rabbits","volume":"76","year":"1994 Nov","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br."},{"issue":"8","key":"bib35-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2009.01.015","article-title":"Transphyseal anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in patients with open physes","volume":"25","year":"2009 Aug","journal-title":"Arthroscopy."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib36-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1093","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546512438508","article-title":"Outcome of anatomic transphyseal anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in Tanner stage 1 and 2 patients with open physes","volume":"40","year":"2012 May","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med."},{"key":"bib37-20210131","article-title":"Transepiphyseal replacement of the anterior cruciate ligament using quadruple hamstring grafts in skeletally immature patients","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am."},{"issue":"7","key":"bib38-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1971","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-010-1255-2","article-title":"All-epiphyseal anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in skeletally immature patients","volume":"468","year":"2010 Jul","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res."},{"key":"bib39-20210131","article-title":"All-epiphyseal, all-inside anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction technique for skeletally immature patients","journal-title":"Arthrosc Techniques."},{"issue":"11","key":"bib40-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.J.01047","article-title":"Volumetric injury of the distal femoral physis during double-bundle ACL reconstruction in children: a three-dimensional study with use of magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"93","year":"2011 Jun 1","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib41-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200105000-00012","article-title":"The effect of placing a tensioned graft across open growth plates. A gross and histologic analysis","volume":"83","year":"2001 May","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib42-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1097\/01241398-200207000-00008","article-title":"Management and complications of anterior cruciate ligament injuries in skeletally immature patients: survey of the Herodicus Society and The ACL Study Group","volume":"22","year":"2002 Jul-Aug","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib43-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"964","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546510390189","article-title":"Biomechanical evaluation of pediatric anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction techniques","volume":"39","year":"2011 May","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med."},{"issue":"7","key":"bib44-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1255","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200307000-00011","article-title":"Transepiphyseal replacement of the anterior cruciate ligament in skeletally immature patients. A preliminary report","volume":"85","year":"2003 Jul","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib45-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1177\/036354659402200109","article-title":"Anterior cruciate ligament allograft reconstruction in the skeletally immature athlete","volume":"22","year":"1994 Jan-Feb","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib46-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465000280020601","article-title":"Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in adolescents with open physes","volume":"28","year":"2000 Mar-Apr","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib47-20210131","first-page":"542","article-title":"Physeal-sparing reconstruction of anterior cruciate ligament tears in children: results of 57 cases using patellar tendon","volume":"93","year":"2011 Apr","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib48-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-010-1282-2","article-title":"Good surgical outcome of transphyseal ACL reconstruction in skeletally immature patients using four-strand hamstring graft","volume":"19","year":"2011 Apr","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc."},{"issue":"6","key":"bib49-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465030310063401","article-title":"Physeal-sparing intraarticular anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in preadolescents","volume":"31","year":"2003 Nov-Dec","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med."},{"issue":"10","key":"bib50-20210131","first-page":"1317","article-title":"Transphyseal reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament in prepubescent children","volume":"90","year":"2008 Oct","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib51-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198668010-00004","article-title":"Tears of the anterior cruciate ligament in adolescents","volume":"68","year":"1986 Jan","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib52-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-8063(97)90191-2","article-title":"The outcome of operatively treated anterior cruciate ligament disruptions in the skeletally immature child","volume":"13","year":"1997 Oct","journal-title":"Arthroscopy."},{"issue":"12","key":"bib53-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1325","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2006.07.014","article-title":"Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in the skeletally immature patient","volume":"22","year":"2006 Dec","journal-title":"Arthroscopy."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib54-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1097\/01241398-199505000-00003","article-title":"Reconstruction of mid-substance anterior cruciate rupture in adolescents with open physes","volume":"15","year":"1995 May-Jun","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib55-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1177\/036354659402200108","article-title":"Anterior cruciate ligament injuries in patients with open physes","volume":"22","year":"1994 Jan-Feb","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med."},{"issue":"12","key":"bib56-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2632","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.F.01560","article-title":"Transphyseal anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in skeletally immature pubescent adolescents","volume":"89","year":"2007 Dec","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib57-20210131","first-page":"73,73","article-title":"Allograft versus autograft anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Predictors of failure from a MOON prospective longitudinal cohort","volume":"3","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sports Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"bib58-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546508325665","article-title":"Incidence of subsequent injury to either knee within 5 years after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with patellar tendon autograft","volume":"37","year":"2009 Feb","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib59-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-011-1956-1","article-title":"Revision ACL reconstruction in skeletally mature athletes younger than 18 years","volume":"470","year":"2012 Mar","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res."}],"container-title":["Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/00004623-201303060-00017","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T13:22:48Z","timestamp":1787750568000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/00004623-201303060-00017"}},"subtitle":["AAOS Exhibit Selection"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,6]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2106\/jbjs.l.00772","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-9355","1535-1386"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-9355","type":"print"},{"value":"1535-1386","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,6]]}}}