{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T14:30:11Z","timestamp":1787754611000,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":153,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,2]]},"DOI":"10.2106\/jbjs.o.00354","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,2]],"date-time":"2016-03-02T13:48:08Z","timestamp":1456926488000},"page":"417-427","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":258,"title":["An Algorithmic Approach to the Management of Recurrent Lateral Patellar Dislocation"],"prefix":"10.2106","volume":"98","author":[{"given":"Alexander E.","family":"Weber","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amit","family":"Nathani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joshua S.","family":"Dines","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Answorth A.","family":"Allen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beth E.","family":"Shubin-Stein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth A.","family":"Arendt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asheesh","family":"Bedi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"bib1-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1114","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546503260788","article-title":"Epidemiology and natural history of acute patellar dislocation","volume":"32","author":"Fithian","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib2-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1177\/036354658601400204","article-title":"Acute patellar dislocations. The natural history","volume":"14","author":"Hawkins","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med."},{"issue":"10","key":"bib3-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1997","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546510371423","article-title":"Incidence of acute traumatic patellar dislocation among active-duty United States military service members","volume":"38","author":"Hsiao","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib4-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-5919(02)00031-5","article-title":"Current concepts of lateral patella dislocation","volume":"21","author":"Arendt","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Sports Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib5-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-197903000-00012","article-title":"Osteochondral fracture associated with dislocation of the patella: another mechanism of injury","volume":"19","author":"Frandsen","year":"1979","journal-title":"J Trauma."},{"key":"bib6-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198211000-00023","article-title":"Conservative treatment of patellar dislocations. Influence of evident factors on the tendency to redislocation and the therapeutic result","volume":"171","author":"Larsen","year":"1982","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib7-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1177\/036354659702500213","article-title":"Patellar dislocation. The long-term results of nonoperative management in 100 patients","volume":"25","author":"M\u00e4enp\u00e4\u00e4","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib8-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1097\/BPO.0b013e3182471ac2","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging of acute patellar dislocation in children: patterns of injury and risk factors for recurrence","volume":"32","author":"Seeley","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop."},{"key":"bib9-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-200008000-00019","article-title":"Delayed proximal repair and distal realignment after patellar dislocation","volume":"377","author":"Garth","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib10-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.G.00072","article-title":"Acute patellar dislocation in children and adolescents: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"90","author":"Palmu","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib11-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.32.5.413","article-title":"Articular mobility in an African population","volume":"32","author":"Beighton","year":"1973","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib12-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1177\/036354657800600202","article-title":"Injuries to runners","volume":"6","author":"James","year":"1978","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib13-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465030310032101","article-title":"Differences in kinematics and electromyographic activity between men and women during the single-legged squat","volume":"31","author":"Zeller","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib14-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csm.2014.03.002","article-title":"Physical examination of the patellofemoral joint","volume":"33","author":"Lester","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Sports Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib16-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knee.2008.02.001","article-title":"An evaluation of the clinical tests and outcome measures used to assess patellar instability","volume":"15","author":"Smith","year":"2008","journal-title":"Knee."},{"issue":"8","key":"bib17-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1053\/ar.1999.v15.015084","article-title":"Clinical evaluation of patients with patellofemoral disorders","volume":"15","author":"Post","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arthroscopy."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib18-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546508328113","article-title":"The moving patellar apprehension test for lateral patellar instability","volume":"37","author":"Ahmad","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med."},{"key":"bib19-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-200108000-00004","article-title":"Patellofemoral imaging","volume":"389","author":"Merchant","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib20-20210131","first-page":"385","article-title":"[Method of measuring the height of the patella]","volume":"55","author":"Caton","year":"1989","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Belg."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib21-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1097\/JSA.0b013e31803035ae","article-title":"Osteotomies in patello-femoral instabilities","volume":"15","author":"Dejour","year":"2007","journal-title":"Sports Med Arthrosc."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib22-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01628492","article-title":"Inter- and intraobserver reproducibility in radiographic diagnosis and classification of femoral trochlear dysplasia","volume":"20","author":"R\u00e9my","year":"1998","journal-title":"Surg Radiol Anat."},{"issue":"7","key":"bib23-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1391","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197456070-00007","article-title":"Roentgenographic analysis of patellofemoral congruence","volume":"56","author":"Merchant","year":"1974","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib24-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1097\/BPO.0b013e318288b7a0","article-title":"Osteochondral injury after acute patellar dislocation in children and adolescents","volume":"33","author":"Seeley","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib25-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01552649","article-title":"Factors of patellar instability: an anatomic radiographic study","volume":"2","author":"Dejour","year":"1994","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib26-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.M.00688","article-title":"Tibial tubercle-trochlear groove distance: defining normal in a pediatric population","volume":"96","author":"Dickens","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib27-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knee.2005.06.003","article-title":"The tibial tuberosity-trochlear groove distance; a comparative study between CT and MRI scanning","volume":"13","author":"Schoettle","year":"2006","journal-title":"Knee."},{"issue":"12","key":"bib28-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2447","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-012-1669-4","article-title":"Modern management of patellar instability","volume":"36","author":"Rhee","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int Orthop."},{"issue":"6","key":"bib29-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1097\/00004728-200111000-00021","article-title":"Medial patellofemoral ligament injury following acute transient dislocation of the patella: MR findings with surgical correlation in 14 patients","volume":"25","author":"Sanders","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Comput Assist Tomogr."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib30-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2253011578","article-title":"Acute lateral patellar dislocation at MR imaging: injury patterns of medial patellar soft-tissue restraints and osteochondral injuries of the inferomedial patella","volume":"225","author":"Elias","year":"2002","journal-title":"Radiology."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib31-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/S0968-0160(02)00002-9","article-title":"Correlation of MR imaging findings and open exploration of medial patellofemoral ligament injuries in acute patellar dislocations","volume":"9","author":"Nomura","year":"2002","journal-title":"Knee."},{"issue":"7","key":"bib32-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"926","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2009.11.004","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging characteristics of the medial patellofemoral ligament lesion in acute lateral patellar dislocations considering trochlear dysplasia, patella alta, and tibial tuberosity-trochlear groove distance","volume":"26","author":"Balcarek","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arthroscopy."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib33-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.161.1.8517287","article-title":"Transient lateral patellar dislocation: diagnosis with MR imaging","volume":"161","author":"Kirsch","year":"1993","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib34-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465980260012501","article-title":"Articular cartilage injury with acute patellar dislocation in adolescents. Arthroscopic and radiographic correlation","volume":"26","author":"Stanitski","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med."},{"issue":"11","key":"bib35-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joca.2005.07.004","article-title":"Second-look arthroscopy of cartilage changes of the patellofemoral joint, especially the patella, following acute and recurrent patellar dislocation","volume":"13","author":"Nomura","year":"2005","journal-title":"Osteoarthritis Cartilage."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib36-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knee.2010.04.002","article-title":"The relationship between trochlear dysplasia and medial patellofemoral ligament rupture location after patellar dislocation: an MRI evaluation","volume":"18","author":"Weber-Spickschen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Knee."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib37-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1177\/0095399703258677","article-title":"Cartilage lesions of the patella in recurrent patellar dislocation","volume":"32","author":"Nomura","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med."},{"issue":"8","key":"bib38-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-005-0015-4","article-title":"The patellotrochlear index: a new index for assessing patellar height","volume":"14","author":"Biedert","year":"2006","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc."},{"issue":"12","key":"bib39-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1412","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-009-0801-5","article-title":"Patellar height measurement in trochlear dysplasia","volume":"17","author":"Barnett","year":"2009","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc."},{"issue":"8","key":"bib40-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1835","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546513484895","article-title":"CT and MRI measurements of tibial tubercle-trochlear groove distances are not equivalent in patients with patellar instability","volume":"41","author":"Camp","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib41-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546511433028","article-title":"Observer agreement on the Dejour trochlear dysplasia classification: a comparison of true lateral radiographs and axial magnetic resonance images","volume":"40","author":"Lippacher","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib42-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-012-2321-y","article-title":"Evaluation of trochlear dysplasia using MRI: correlation between the classification system of Dejour and objective parameters of trochlear dysplasia","volume":"22","author":"Nelitz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib43-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.12965\/jer.130018","article-title":"The effect of McConnell taping on vastus medialis and lateralis activity during squatting in adults with patellofemoral pain syndrome","volume":"9","author":"Lee","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Exerc Rehabil."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib44-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1097\/JSA.0b013e318054e35c","article-title":"Rehabilitation and nonoperative treatment of patellar instability","volume":"15","author":"McConnell","year":"2007","journal-title":"Sports Med Arthrosc."},{"issue":"12","key":"bib45-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2751","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.H.00211","article-title":"Patellar instability","volume":"90","author":"Colvin","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib46-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1177\/1941738114543073","article-title":"Evaluation and management of patellar instability in pediatric and adolescent athletes","volume":"7","author":"Khormaee","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sports Health."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib47-20210131","first-page":"318","article-title":"A surgical algorithm for the treatment of recurrent patellar dislocation. Results at 5 year follow-up","volume":"79","author":"Cootjans","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Belg."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib48-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csm.2014.03.011","article-title":"Patellar instability","volume":"33","author":"Koh","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Sports Med."},{"key":"bib49-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1097\/BLO.0b013e31802eb40a","article-title":"First-time traumatic patellar dislocation: a systematic review","volume":"455","author":"Stefancin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib50-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465000280040601","article-title":"Characteristics of patients with primary acute lateral patellar dislocation and their recovery within the first 6 months of injury","volume":"28","author":"Atkin","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib51-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199305000-00007","article-title":"Evaluation of the medial soft-tissue restraints of the extensor mechanism of the knee","volume":"75","author":"Conlan","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib52-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1177\/03635465980260012701","article-title":"Soft tissue restraints to lateral patellar translation in the human knee","volume":"26","author":"Desio","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med."},{"key":"bib53-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199804000-00021","article-title":"Medial soft tissue restraints in lateral patellar instability and repair","volume":"349","author":"Hautamaa","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res."},{"issue":"8","key":"bib54-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1916","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546512442330","article-title":"A systematic review of complications and failures associated with medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction for recurrent patellar dislocation","volume":"40","author":"Shah","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med."},{"issue":"6","key":"bib55-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1509","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546503261505","article-title":"The anatomy and isometry of the medial patellofemoral ligament: implications for reconstruction","volume":"32","author":"Steensen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med."},{"issue":"8","key":"bib56-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1871","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546512449998","article-title":"The medial patellofemoral ligament: location of femoral attachment and length change patterns resulting from anatomic and nonanatomic attachments","volume":"40","author":"Stephen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib57-20210131","first-page":"139","article-title":"Medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction for the treatment of patellofemoral instability","volume":"27","author":"Csintalan","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Knee Surg."},{"key":"bib58-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-200209000-00005","article-title":"Techniques of medial retinacular repair and reconstruction","volume":"402","author":"Davis","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib59-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546506296415","article-title":"Radiographic landmarks for femoral tunnel placement in medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction","volume":"35","author":"Sch\u00f6ttle","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med."},{"issue":"9","key":"bib60-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1557","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546507300872","article-title":"Patellofemoral contact pressures and lateral patellar translation after medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction","volume":"35","author":"Beck","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med."},{"issue":"8","key":"bib61-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2011.02.014","article-title":"Technical failure of medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction","volume":"27","author":"Bollier","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arthroscopy."},{"issue":"11","key":"bib62-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2248","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546510376230","article-title":"Medial patellofemoral ligament repair for recurrent patellar dislocation","volume":"38","author":"Camp","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med."},{"issue":"9","key":"bib63-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1478","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546506287486","article-title":"Technical errors during medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction could overload medial patellofemoral cartilage: a computational analysis","volume":"34","author":"Elias","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib64-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/S0968-0160(03)00038-3","article-title":"The anatomy and reconstruction of the medial patellofemoral ligament","volume":"10","author":"Smirk","year":"2003","journal-title":"Knee."},{"issue":"8","key":"bib65-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1254","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546505285584","article-title":"Medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction in patients with lateral patellar instability and trochlear dysplasia","volume":"34","author":"Steiner","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib66-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546513509230","article-title":"The effect of femoral tunnel position and graft tension on patellar contact mechanics and kinematics after medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction","volume":"42","author":"Stephen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib67-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-008-0702-z","article-title":"Management of overtight medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction","volume":"17","author":"Thaunat","year":"2009","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib68-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.3928\/01477447-20080401-28","article-title":"Comparison of isometric and anatomic reconstruction of the medial patellofemoral ligament: a cadaveric study","volume":"31","author":"Parker","year":"2008","journal-title":"Orthopedics."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib69-20210131","first-page":"176","article-title":"Patellofemoral instability in skeletally immature athletes","volume":"95","author":"Hennrikus","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am."},{"issue":"7","key":"bib70-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1444","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546510397174","article-title":"Zone of injury of the medial patellofemoral ligament after acute patellar dislocation in children and adolescents","volume":"39","author":"Kepler","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med."},{"issue":"12","key":"bib71-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2067","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-011-1548-3","article-title":"The relation of the distal femoral physis and the medial patellofemoral ligament","volume":"19","author":"Nelitz","year":"2011","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc."},{"issue":"8","key":"bib72-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1410","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2013.03.075","article-title":"Treating patella instability in skeletally immature patients","volume":"29","author":"Vavken","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arthroscopy."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib73-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1097\/JSA.0b013e3182631707","article-title":"Surgical options for patellar stabilization in the skeletally immature patient","volume":"20","author":"Weeks","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sports Med Arthrosc."},{"issue":"8","key":"bib74-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"904.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2005.12.058","article-title":"Reconstruction of the medial patellofemoral ligament with autologous quadriceps tendon","volume":"22","author":"Noyes","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arthroscopy."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib75-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-008-0713-9","article-title":"A mini-invasive adductor magnus tendon transfer technique for medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction: a technical note","volume":"17","author":"Sillanp\u00e4\u00e4","year":"2009","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib76-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0030-1247825","article-title":"Medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction: a novel approach","volume":"21","author":"Anbari","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Knee Surg."},{"issue":"10","key":"bib77-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2431","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-013-2730-6","article-title":"Anatomic medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction using patellar suture anchor fixation for recurrent patellar instability","volume":"22","author":"Song","year":"2014","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib78-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.54B1.103","article-title":"The semitendinosus tenodesis for recurrent dislocation of the patella","volume":"54","author":"Baker","year":"1972","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br."},{"issue":"7","key":"bib79-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"993","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198567070-00002","article-title":"Recurrent dislocation of the patella treated by the modified Roux-Goldthwait procedure. A prospective study of forty-seven knees","volume":"67","author":"Fondren","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am."},{"issue":"12","key":"bib80-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1645","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.89B12.19398","article-title":"The \u2018four-in-one\u2019 procedure for habitual dislocation of the patella in children: early results in patients with severe generalised ligamentous laxity and aplasis of the trochlear groove","volume":"89","author":"Joo","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib81-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1097\/01.bpo.0000217711.34492.48","article-title":"Treatment of recurrent patellar instability with a modification of the Roux-Goldthwait technique","volume":"26","author":"Marsh","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib82-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.3928\/01477447-20060401-10","article-title":"Modified Galeazzi technique for recurrent patellar dislocation in children","volume":"29","author":"Moyad","year":"2006","journal-title":"Orthopedics."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib83-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546507299237","article-title":"Current concepts review: the medial patellofemoral ligament","volume":"35","author":"Bicos","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib84-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1016\/S0030-5898(03)00033-6","article-title":"Acute and recurrent patellar instability in the young athlete","volume":"34","author":"Hinton","year":"2003","journal-title":"Orthop Clin North Am."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib85-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-009-0722-3","article-title":"Medial patellofemoral ligament anatomy: implications for its surgical reconstruction","volume":"17","author":"Philippot","year":"2009","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib86-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1097\/JSA.0b013e318264188b","article-title":"Medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction: indications and technique","volume":"20","author":"Schepsis","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sports Med Arthrosc."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib87-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546510377436","article-title":"Medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction fixed with a cylindrical bone plug and a grafted semitendinosus tendon at the original femoral site for recurrent patellar dislocation","volume":"39","author":"Deie","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med."},{"issue":"7","key":"bib88-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-005-0641-x","article-title":"A long-term follow-up study after medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction using the transferred semitendinosus tendon for patellar dislocation","volume":"13","author":"Deie","year":"2005","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib89-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1053\/jars.2001.21490","article-title":"Results of medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction in the treatment of patellar dislocation","volume":"17","author":"Drez","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arthroscopy."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib90-20210131","first-page":"303","article-title":"Reconstruction of the medial patellofemoral ligament for patellar instability using a semitendinosus autograft","volume":"71","author":"Fernandez","year":"2005","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Belg."},{"issue":"9","key":"bib91-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2147","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-013-2498-8","article-title":"Anatomical two-bundle medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction with hardware-free patellar graft fixation: technical note and preliminary results","volume":"21","author":"Hinterwimmer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc."},{"issue":"9","key":"bib92-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2128","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546513498572","article-title":"Isolated and combined medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction in revision surgery for patellofemoral instability: a prospective study","volume":"41","author":"Kohn","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med."},{"issue":"7","key":"bib93-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2006.04.078","article-title":"Hybrid medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction using the semitendinous tendon for recurrent patellar dislocation: minimum 3 years\u2019 follow-up","volume":"22","author":"Nomura","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arthroscopy."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib94-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5413.97259","article-title":"Reconstruction of medial patellofemoral ligament for chronic patellar instability","volume":"46","author":"Raghuveer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Indian J Orthop."},{"issue":"7","key":"bib95-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-005-0659-0","article-title":"Clinical and radiological outcome of medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction with a semitendinosus autograft for patella instability","volume":"13","author":"Sch\u00f6ttle","year":"2005","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib96-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.3810\/psm.2013.05.2009","article-title":"Short-\/intermediate-term outcomes after medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction in the treatment of chronic lateral patellofemoral instability","volume":"41","author":"Slenker","year":"2013","journal-title":"Phys Sportsmed."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib97-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knee.2010.05.007","article-title":"Dual tunnel medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction for patients with patellar dislocation using a semitendinosus tendon autograft","volume":"18","author":"Toritsuka","year":"2011","journal-title":"Knee."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib98-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1007\/s00776-007-1196-0","article-title":"Visual analog scale assessment after medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction: with or without tibial tubercle transfer","volume":"13","author":"Watanabe","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Orthop Sci."},{"issue":"11","key":"bib99-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2682","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-013-2561-5","article-title":"Tibial rotational osteotomy and distal tuberosity transfer for patella subluxation secondary to excessive external tibial torsion: surgical technique and clinical outcome","volume":"22","author":"Drexler","year":"2014","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc."},{"issue":"7","key":"bib100-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1288","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546509334223","article-title":"Surgical correction of limb malalignment for instability of the patella: a comparison of 2 techniques","volume":"37","author":"Paulos","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med."},{"issue":"10","key":"bib101-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2438","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-014-2919-3","article-title":"Clinical outcomes of medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction in patients with an increased tibial tuberosity-trochlear groove distance","volume":"22","author":"Matsushita","year":"2014","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib102-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546512463683","article-title":"Anatomic reconstruction of the medial patellofemoral ligament in children and adolescents with open growth plates: surgical technique and clinical outcome","volume":"41","author":"Nelitz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib103-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knee.2006.01.004","article-title":"Modified Dejour trochleoplasty for severe dysplasia: operative technique and early clinical results","volume":"13","author":"Donell","year":"2006","journal-title":"Knee."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib104-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-009-0933-8","article-title":"The sulcus deepening trochleoplasty-the Lyon\u2019s procedure","volume":"34","author":"Dejour","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int Orthop."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib105-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1097\/JSA.0b013e31826a1d37","article-title":"The role of trochleoplasty in patellofemoral instability","volume":"20","author":"Duncan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sports Med Arthrosc."},{"issue":"7","key":"bib106-20210131","first-page":"678","article-title":"[Retro-trochlear wedge reduction trochleoplasty for the treatment of painful patella syndrome with protruding trochleae. Technical note and early results]","volume":"88","author":"Goutallier","year":"2002","journal-title":"Rev Chir Orthop Reparatrice Appar Mot."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib107-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1080\/17453670510041781","article-title":"Trochleaplasty for patellar instability due to trochlear dysplasia: a minimum 2-year clinical and radiological follow-up of 19 knees","volume":"76","author":"Sch\u00f6ttle","year":"2005","journal-title":"Acta Orthop."},{"issue":"10","key":"bib108-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1331","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.88B10.17834","article-title":"Trochleaplasty for recurrent patellar dislocation in association with trochlear dysplasia. A 4- to 14-year follow-up study","volume":"88","author":"von Knoch","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib109-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-006-0148-0","article-title":"Cartilage viability after trochleoplasty","volume":"15","author":"Sch\u00f6ttle","year":"2007","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc."},{"key":"bib110-20210131","first-page":"196","article-title":"Outcomes after trochleoplasty","volume":"32","author":"Faruqui","year":"2012","journal-title":"Iowa Orthop J."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib111-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csm.2014.03.005","article-title":"Trochlear dysplasia and the role of trochleoplasty","volume":"33","author":"LaPrade","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Sports Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib112-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-012-1746-8","article-title":"The Lyon\u2019s sulcus-deepening trochleoplasty in previous unsuccessful patellofemoral surgery","volume":"37","author":"Dejour","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int Orthop."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib113-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546513478579","article-title":"Combined trochleoplasty and medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction for recurrent patellar dislocations in severe trochlear dysplasia: a minimum 2-year follow-up study","volume":"41","author":"Nelitz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib114-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"998","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546513482302","article-title":"Midterm results of comprehensive surgical reconstruction including sulcus-deepening trochleoplasty in recurrent patellar dislocations with high-grade trochlear dysplasia","volume":"41","author":"Ntagiopoulos","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med."},{"issue":"8","key":"bib115-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otsr.2011.07.013","article-title":"Recession wedge trochleoplasty as an additional procedure in the surgical treatment of patellar instability with major trochlear dysplasia: early results","volume":"97","author":"Thaunat","year":"2011","journal-title":"Orthop Traumatol Surg Res."},{"issue":"7","key":"bib116-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-004-0570-0","article-title":"Trochleoplasty in dysplastic knee trochlea","volume":"13","author":"Verdonk","year":"2005","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc."},{"key":"bib117-20210131","first-page":"813","article-title":"[Diagnosis and treatment of recurrent dislocations of the patella]","volume":"50","author":"Trillat","year":"1964","journal-title":"Rev Chir Orthop Reparatrice Appar Mot."},{"key":"bib118-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198307000-00027","article-title":"Anteromedialization of the tibial tuberosity for patellofemoral malalignment","volume":"177","author":"Fulkerson","year":"1983","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib119-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1177\/036354659001800508","article-title":"Anteromedial tibial tubercle transfer without bone graft","volume":"18","author":"Fulkerson","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib120-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2007.07.028","article-title":"Elmslie-Trillat procedure for the treatment of recurrent patellar instability","volume":"24","author":"Barber","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arthroscopy."},{"issue":"6","key":"bib121-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-003-0415-2","article-title":"Patients with lateral tracking patella have better pain relief following CT-guided tuberosity transfer than patients with unstable patella","volume":"11","author":"Diks","year":"2003","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc."},{"issue":"6","key":"bib122-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.84B6.0840861","article-title":"Deterioration of long-term clinical results after the Elmslie-Trillat procedure for dislocation of the patella","volume":"84","author":"Nakagawa","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br."},{"key":"bib123-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-200402000-00023","article-title":"Surgical reconstruction of severe patellofemoral maltracking","volume":"419","author":"Palmer","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib124-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1177\/036354659702500417","article-title":"Correlation of patellar articular lesions with results from anteromedial tibial tubercle transfer","volume":"25","author":"Pidoriano","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med."},{"issue":"8","key":"bib125-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"994","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-007-0325-9","article-title":"Tailored tibial tubercle transfer for patellofemoral malalignment: analysis of clinical outcomes","volume":"15","author":"Pritsch","year":"2007","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib126-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1007\/s00402-003-0511-2","article-title":"Treatment of chronic patellar dislocation with a modified Elmslie-Trillat procedure","volume":"124","author":"Marcacci","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch Orthop Trauma Surg."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib127-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1007\/s001670050069","article-title":"Modified Elmslie-Trillat procedure for instability of the patella","volume":"6","author":"Rillmann","year":"1998","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib128-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1177\/036354659402200304","article-title":"Use of a modified Elmslie-Trillat procedure to improve abnormal patellar congruence angle","volume":"22","author":"Shelbourne","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib129-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-009-0929-4","article-title":"Tibial tubercle osteotomy in patello-femoral instability and in patellar height abnormality","volume":"34","author":"Caton","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int Orthop."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib130-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csm.2014.03.001","article-title":"Distal realignment: indications, technique, and results","volume":"33","author":"Duchman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Sports Med."},{"issue":"10","key":"bib131-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2545","DOI":"10.1007\/s00167-013-2445-8","article-title":"Treatment of patella alta in patients with episodic patellar dislocation: a systematic review","volume":"22","author":"Magnussen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib132-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.37B4.559","article-title":"The results of a realignment operation for recurrent dislocation of the patella","volume":"37-B","author":"Harrison","year":"1955","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib133-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1097\/JSA.0b013e3180479464","article-title":"Tibial tuberosity transfer for episodic patellar dislocation","volume":"15","author":"Servien","year":"2007","journal-title":"Sports Med Arthrosc."},{"issue":"10","key":"bib134-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1376","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.92B10.24439","article-title":"Outcome of surgery for recurrent patellar dislocation based on the distance of the tibial tuberosity to the trochlear groove","volume":"92","author":"Tecklenburg","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br."},{"issue":"8","key":"bib135-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1220","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546504272686","article-title":"Long-term evaluation of the Roux-Elmslie-Trillat procedure for patellar instability: a 26-year follow-up","volume":"33","author":"Carney","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med."},{"key":"bib136-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-015-2859-7","article-title":"Combined supracondylar femoral derotation osteotomy and patellofemoral ligament reconstruction for recurrent patellar dislocation and severe femoral anteversion syndrome: surgical technique and clinical outcome","author":"Nelitz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int Orthop."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib137-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.89B2.18358","article-title":"A modified tibial tubercle osteotomy for patellar maltracking: results at two years","volume":"89","author":"Ko\u00ebter","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib138-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"992","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546509357682","article-title":"Patellofemoral instability in athletes: treatment via modified Fulkerson osteotomy and lateral release","volume":"38","author":"Tjoumakaris","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"bib139-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1177\/036354659702500422","article-title":"Fracture of the proximal tibia with immediate weightbearing after a Fulkerson osteotomy","volume":"25","author":"Stetson","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib140-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.74B1.1732244","article-title":"The natural history of recurrent dislocation of the patella. Long-term results of conservative and operative treatment","volume":"74","author":"Arnbj\u00f6rnsson","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib141-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knee.2004.08.006","article-title":"Factors affecting the outcome of distal realignment for patellofemoral disorders of the knee","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"2005","journal-title":"Knee."},{"key":"bib142-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199405000-00013","article-title":"The influence of fixed rotational deformities of the femur on the patellofemoral contact pressures in human cadaver knees","volume":"302","author":"Lee","year":"1994","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib143-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198567010-00006","article-title":"Lower-extremity rotational problems in children. Normal values to guide management","volume":"67","author":"Staheli","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am."},{"issue":"1","key":"bib144-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546512464691","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging analysis of rotational alignment in patients with patellar dislocations","volume":"41","author":"Diederichs","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med."},{"key":"bib145-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199405000-00012","article-title":"Femoral morphometry and anterior knee pain","volume":"302","author":"Eckhoff","year":"1994","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res."},{"issue":"11","key":"bib146-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2265","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-014-2437-4","article-title":"Analysis of failure and clinical outcome after unsuccessful medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction in young patients","volume":"38","author":"Nelitz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int Orthop."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib147-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1030","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546513482085","article-title":"Complications of medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction in young patients","volume":"41","author":"Parikh","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib148-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1007\/s10195-013-0260-0","article-title":"Bilateral double osteotomy in severe torsional malalignment syndrome: 16 years follow-up","volume":"15","author":"Leonardi","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Orthop Traumatol."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib149-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1097\/01241398-200303000-00003","article-title":"Comparison of proximal and distal rotational femoral osteotomy in children with cerebral palsy","volume":"23","author":"Kay","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop."},{"issue":"2","key":"bib150-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1097\/btk.0b013e3180644ffa","article-title":"Patellar instability: the Lyon experience","volume":"6","author":"Fithian","year":"2007","journal-title":"Tech Knee Surg."},{"issue":"3","key":"bib151-20210131","first-page":"371","article-title":"[Radiology in femoro-patellar pathology]","volume":"55","author":"Walch","year":"1989","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Belg."},{"issue":"5","key":"bib152-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2013.01.030","article-title":"Medial retinaculum plasty versus medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction for recurrent patellar instability in adults: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"29","author":"Ma","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arthroscopy."},{"issue":"9","key":"bib153-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1202","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.94B9.28738","article-title":"Medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction: a prospective outcome assessment of a large single centre series","volume":"94","author":"Howells","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br."},{"issue":"9","key":"bib154-20210131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1909","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200509000-00001","article-title":"Grades of recommendation","volume":"87","author":"Wright","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am."}],"container-title":["Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/00004623-201603020-00011","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T13:30:01Z","timestamp":1787751001000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/00004623-201603020-00011"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,2]]},"references-count":153,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2106\/jbjs.o.00354","relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-9355","1535-1386"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-9355","type":"print"},{"value":"1535-1386","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,2]]}}}