{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T14:27:43Z","timestamp":1787754463142,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Australian Department of Education Regional Research Collaboration Program"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Scaphoid nonunion is a complication that occurs in 5-10% of patients who sustain an acute scaphoid fracture. There is no superior method for managing scaphoid nonunion that has been established in the current literature. The use of patient specific devices has been explored as a way to improve surgical management of scaphoid nonunion. 3D printing has made the production of patient specific devices more accessible. CT and MRI images can be used to model devices such as anatomic models and surgical guides. In this review we aim to discuss the current evidence for the use of patient specific devices for managing chronic scaphoid nonunion and demonstrate their different uses. A scoping review of peer-reviewed literature, existing patent applications, and grey literature was performed. Although the current research has demonstrated some possible benefits such as reduction in surgical time and accuracy of restoration of anatomy, further investigation with comparative studies is required to make conclusions about the superiority of these techniques over standard freehand techniques.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2106\/jbjs.oa.25.00067","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,8]],"date-time":"2025-07-08T14:01:26Z","timestamp":1751983286000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A Systematic Scoping Review of Patient-specific Devices in Operative Management of Scaphoid Nonunion"],"prefix":"10.2106","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8339-5172","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Roberts","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, Toowoomba Base Hospital, Toowoomba QLD, Australia"},{"name":"Centre for Future Materials, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba QLD, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-5428-3052","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susie","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, Toowoomba Base Hospital, Toowoomba QLD, Australia"},{"name":"Centre for Future Materials, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba QLD, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-9407-3052","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amy","family":"Allen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, Toowoomba Base Hospital, Toowoomba QLD, Australia"},{"name":"Centre for Future Materials, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba QLD, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1318-5409","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joshua","family":"Bloor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, Toowoomba Base Hospital, Toowoomba QLD, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3161-1683","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rose","family":"Nicol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Future Materials, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba QLD, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Toowoomba Base Hospital, Toowoomba QLD, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9710-7987","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eliza","family":"Whiteside","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Future Materials, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba QLD, Australia"},{"name":"School of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba QLD, Australia"},{"name":"Centre for Health Research, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba QLD, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-8295-1095","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vivek","family":"Shridhar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, Toowoomba Base Hospital, Toowoomba QLD, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9248-2307","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paulomi (Polly)","family":"Burey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Future Materials, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba QLD, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4812-0285","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tristan","family":"Shelley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Future Materials, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba QLD, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2446-5326","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher","family":"Wall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, Toowoomba Base Hospital, Toowoomba QLD, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"R1-20250708","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surge.2012.03.004","article-title":"Acute fractures of the scaphoid bone: systematic review and meta- analysis","volume":"10","author":"Alshryda","year":"2012","journal-title":"Surgeon"},{"issue":"4","key":"R2-20250708","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1007\/s00776-006-1025-x","article-title":"Scaphoid fractures and nonunions: diagnosis and treatment","volume":"11","author":"Steinmann","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Orthopaedic Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"R3-20250708","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1007\/s11420-018-9619-3","article-title":"An epidemiologic perspective on scaphoid fracture treatment and frequency of nonunion surgery in the USA","volume":"14","author":"Dy","year":"2018","journal-title":"HSS J."},{"issue":"1","key":"R4-20250708","first-page":"77","article-title":"Consequences of late immobilization of scaphoid fractures","volume":"13","author":"Langhoff","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Br."},{"issue":"6","key":"R5-20250708","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1177\/17531934211005637","article-title":"Scaphoid plating for recalcitrant scaphoid fractures: a systematic review","volume":"46","author":"Morgan","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Eur Vol"},{"issue":"5","key":"R6-20250708","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0197768","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0197768","article-title":"Clinical and functional outcomes of vascularized bone graft in the treatment of scaphoid non-union","volume":"13","author":"Rahimnia","year":"2018","journal-title":"PloS one"},{"issue":"7","key":"R7-20250708","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e4","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.RVW.M.00074","article-title":"Evaluation and Evaluation and Treatment of Scaphoid Nonunions: A Critical Analysis Reviewreatment of scaphoid nonunions: a critical analysis review","volume":"2","author":"Rhee","year":"2014","journal-title":"JBJS Rev"},{"issue":"9","key":"R8-20250708","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1797","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2015.05.003","article-title":"Treatment of scaphoid nonunion: a systematic review of the existing evidence","volume":"40","author":"Pinder","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am."},{"issue":"6","key":"R9-20250708","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1248","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-019-06236-2","article-title":"3D-printed spine surgery implants: a systematic review of the efficacy and clinical safety profile of patient-specific and off-the-shelf devices","volume":"29","author":"Burnard","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Spine J."},{"issue":"3","key":"R10-20250708","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1007\/s11019-017-9807-9","article-title":"Patient-specific devices and population-level evidence: evaluating therapeutic interventions with inherent variation","volume":"21","author":"Walker","year":"2018","journal-title":"Med Health Care 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