{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T14:50:47Z","timestamp":1787755847027,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100018693","name":"Horizon Europe","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["101135529"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101135529"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100018693","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Health\u223cHolland","award":["RULER"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RULER"]}]},{"name":"Health\u223cHolland","award":["IMPULSE"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IMPULSE"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fracture non-union cause chronic pain, dysfunction, and high healthcare costs. Treatment consists of revitalizing the nonhealed fracture site through debridement, bone resection, grafting, or stabilization if indicated. Adequate bone perfusion is essential for healing, but current intraoperative assessments are subjective. This study explores the feasibility of using quantitative near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) imaging with indocyanine green (ICG) to assess bone perfusion in non-union surgery. This technique allows real-time visualization of tissue perfusion through tracing intravascular injected ICG.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This prospective, multicenter feasibility study was conducted in 2 Dutch academic hospitals. Intraoperative ICG NIRF imaging was performed in non-union patients after debridement and before osteosynthesis. Time-intensity curves were derived from intraoperative data, and 3 time-related perfusion parameters were extracted to quantify the perfusion in various osseous structures. Demographic data included patient's age, sex, race, and body mass index.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>ICG NIRF measurement was successfully performed in 20 patients (median age 50.5 years, 65% female, and 90% White) at 7 fracture locations. Three distinct perfusion patterns were observed. (1) rapid ingress and egress, (2) rapid ingress with a plateau phase, and (3) prolonged ingress with no egress within the measurement. The median Tmax was 214 s (inter-quartile range [IQR]): 69-246 s. The normalized maximum ingress slope was 4.4%\/s (IQR: 2.4-6.5), and the median Egress-60 was 84.7% (IQR: 77.4-94.8).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>ICG NIRF imaging is a feasible and reproducible method for intraoperative bone perfusion assessment in fracture non-union, potentially offering an objective measure of bone vitality. Perfusion parameters and time-intensity curves were successfully quantified across various bone structures, revealing patterns similar to those linked with clinical outcomes in other studies. Future research should evaluate how these perfusion patterns relate to bone healing.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Level of Evidence:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:underline>Level II<\/jats:underline>\n                      . See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2106\/jbjs.oa.25.00177","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T18:00:48Z","timestamp":1775584848000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Near-Infrared Fluorescence Imaging for Intraoperative Perfusion Assessment of the Bone During Elective Non-union Surgery"],"prefix":"10.2106","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0320-9443","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S.","family":"Koning","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-7357-2743","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"D.F.","family":"Boldewijn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Surgical Oncology and Gastrointestinal Surgery, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1444-5484","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S.W.R.","family":"Dalmeijer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Surgical Oncology and Gastrointestinal Surgery, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-9256-6770","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"B.E.","family":"Zweedijk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Surgical Oncology and Gastrointestinal Surgery, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-4802-5036","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M.W.","family":"Kruiswijk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-3737-1352","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"R.C.","family":"Peul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-9656-9307","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"L.E.","family":"van der Aa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-0552-2610","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"I.","family":"Planting","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7274-2802","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"F.P.","family":"Tange","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Hoven van den","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5875-6164","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"D.E.","family":"Hilling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Surgical Oncology and Gastrointestinal Surgery, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4665-6868","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S.","family":"Keereweer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9370-0011","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A.L.","family":"Vahrmeijer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7254-4950","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M.H.J.","family":"Verhofstad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Trauma Research Unit, Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1865-1165","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J.F.","family":"Hamming","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9952-3079","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"I.B.","family":"Schipper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0423-4675","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M.M.E.","family":"Wijffels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Trauma Research Unit, Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.R.","family":"van der Vorst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20260407","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S3","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-1383(08)70003-2","article-title":"Fracture healing: the diamond concept","volume":"38 Suppl 4","author":"Giannoudis","year":"2007","journal-title":"Injury"},{"issue":"4","key":"R2-20260407","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.85B4.12944","article-title":"Vascularity in a new model of atrophic nonunion","volume":"85-B","author":"Reed","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Bone Jt Surg Br."},{"key":"R3-20260407","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2014.04.002","article-title":"Delayed union and nonunions: epidemiology, clinical issues, and financial aspects","volume":"45 Suppl 2","author":"Hak","year":"2014","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"R4-20260407","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S3","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-1383(07)80003-9","article-title":"Prevalence of long-bone non-unions","volume":"38 Suppl 2","author":"Tzioupis","year":"2007","journal-title":"Injury"},{"issue":"4","key":"R5-20260407","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.12532","article-title":"Biological and molecular profile of fracture non-union tissue: current insights","volume":"19","author":"Panteli","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Cel Mol Med"},{"issue":"24","key":"R6-20260407","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2170","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.L.00803","article-title":"The devastating effects of tibial nonunion on health-related quality of life","volume":"95","author":"Brinker","year":"2013","journal-title":"JBJS"},{"issue":"1","key":"R7-20260407","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1186\/s10195-019-0528-0","article-title":"The \u2018diamond concept\u2019 for long bone non-union management","volume":"20","author":"Andrzejowski","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Orthop Traumatol."},{"key":"R8-20260407","first-page":"S11","article-title":"Risk factors contributing to fracture non-unions","volume":"38 Suppl 2","author":"Calori","journal-title":"Injury"},{"issue":"7","key":"R9-20260407","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.94B7.27370","article-title":"In vivo models of bone repair","volume":"94-B","author":"Mills","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Bone Jt Surg Br."},{"key":"R10-20260407","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2005.10.013","article-title":"Mechanical and biological treatment of long bone non-unions","volume":"36 Suppl 4","author":"Biasibetti","year":"2005","journal-title":"Injury"},{"key":"R11-20260407","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2005.07.029","article-title":"Bone substitutes: an update","volume":"36 Suppl 3","author":"Giannoudis","year":"2005","journal-title":"Injury"},{"issue":"12","key":"R12-20260407","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0b013e31829e7079","article-title":"A comparison of more and less aggressive bone debridement protocols for the treatment of open supracondylar femur fractures","volume":"27","author":"Ricci","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"issue":"3","key":"R13-20260407","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S21","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0000000000000667","article-title":"Infection after orthopaedic trauma: prevention and treatment","volume":"30","author":"Yun","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"issue":"12","key":"R14-20260407","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1673","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.95B12.32385","article-title":"Distraction osteogenesis in the treatment of long bone defects of the lower limbs: effectiveness, complications and clinical results; a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"95-B","author":"Papakostidis","year":"2013","journal-title":"Bone J."},{"key":"R15-20260407","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S59","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-1383(08)70016-0","article-title":"Classification of non-union: need for a new scoring system?","volume":"39Suppl 2","author":"Calori","year":"2008","journal-title":"Injury"},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"R17-20260407","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1111\/iwj.12187","article-title":"Surgical debridement to optimise wound conditions and healing","volume":"10 Suppl 1","author":"Diefenbeck","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int Wound J."},{"issue":"11","key":"R18-20260407","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6458","DOI":"10.1364\/BOE.399587","article-title":"Evaluation of bone perfusion during open orthopedic surgery using quantitative dynamic contrast-enhanced fluorescence imaging","volume":"11","author":"Gitajn","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomed Opt Express"},{"issue":"08","key":"R19-20260407","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80601","DOI":"10.1117\/1.JBO.25.8.080601","article-title":"Perspective on optical imaging for functional assessment in musculoskeletal extremity trauma surgery","volume":"25","author":"Gitajn","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Biomed Opt."},{"key":"R20-20260407","first-page":"116250W","article-title":"ICG-Based dynamic contrast-enhanced fluorescence imaging guided open orthopaedic surgery: pilot patient study","volume":"11625","author":"Jiang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proc SPIE Int Soc Opt Eng."},{"issue":"4","key":"R21-20260407","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e222","DOI":"10.1097\/OI9.0000000000000222","article-title":"Intraoperative assessment of bone viability through improved analysis and visualization of dynamic contrast-enhanced fluorescence imaging: technique report","volume":"5","author":"Elliott","year":"2022","journal-title":"OTA Int."},{"issue":"8","key":"R22-20260407","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1853","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultrasmedbio.2018.04.013","article-title":"Contrast-enhanced ultrasound quantifies the perfusion within tibial non-unions and predicts the outcome of revision surgery","volume":"44","author":"Krammer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ultrasound Med Biol."},{"issue":"02","key":"R23-20260407","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1667364","article-title":"Effect of segment length and number of osteotomy sites on cancellous bone perfusion in free fibula flaps","volume":"35","author":"Ritschl","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Reconstr Microsurg"},{"issue":"01","key":"R24-20260407","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"045","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0034-1383821","article-title":"Vascularized osseous flaps and assessing their bipartate perfusion pattern via intraoperative fluorescence angiography","volume":"31","author":"Green","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Reconstr Microsurg"},{"issue":"10","key":"R25-20260407","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(24)00198-5","article-title":"Indocyanine green near-infrared fluorescence bowel perfusion assessment to prevent anastomotic leakage in minimally invasive colorectal surgery (AVOID): a multicentre, randomised, controlled, phase 3 trial","volume":"9","author":"Faber","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol."},{"issue":"9","key":"R26-20260407","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"884","DOI":"10.1177\/00033197231186096","article-title":"Near-infrared fluorescence imaging with indocyanine green to predict clinical outcome after revascularization in lower extremity arterial disease","volume":"75","author":"Tange","year":"2024","journal-title":"Angiology"},{"key":"R27-20260407","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2021.04.030","article-title":"Assessment of tissue viability following amputation surgery using near-infrared fluorescence imaging with indocyanine green","volume":"78","author":"Van Den Hoven","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann Vasc Surg."},{"issue":"02","key":"R28-20260407","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0036-1593807","article-title":"laser-assisted indocyanine green angiography aids in the reconstruction of Gustilo grade IIIB open lower-limb fractures","volume":"33","author":"Shinaoka","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Reconstr Microsurg"},{"issue":"4","key":"R29-20260407","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1321","DOI":"10.1097\/GOX.0000000000001321","article-title":"Prediction of skin necrosis after mastectomy for breast cancer using indocyanine green angiography imaging","volume":"5","author":"Gorai","year":"2017","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open"},{"issue":"6","key":"R30-20260407","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2020.02.025","article-title":"How should indocyanine green dye angiography be assessed to best predict mastectomy skin flap necrosis? A systematic review","volume":"73","author":"Driessen","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg."},{"issue":"7","key":"R31-20260407","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2046","DOI":"10.1007\/s00464-014-3895-x","article-title":"Clinical applications of indocyanine green (ICG) enhanced fluorescence in laparoscopic surgery","volume":"29","author":"Boni","year":"2015","journal-title":"Surg Endosc."},{"issue":"1","key":"R32-20260407","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1007\/s00423-023-02780-0","article-title":"Quantitative perfusion assessment using indocyanine green during surgery - current applications and recommendations for future use","volume":"408","author":"Van Den Hoven","year":"2023","journal-title":"Langenbecks Arch Surg."},{"issue":"5","key":"R33-20260407","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"990","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejso.2023.02.017","article-title":"A quantitative assessment of perfusion of the gastric conduit after oesophagectomy using near-infrared fluorescence with indocyanine green","volume":"49","author":"Galema","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur J Surg Oncol."},{"issue":"2","key":"R34-20260407","first-page":"154","article-title":"Near-infrared fluorescence with indocyanine green to assess bone perfusion: a systematic review","volume":"12","author":"Michi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Life (Basel)"},{"issue":"02","key":"R35-20260407","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e113","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2404-1848","article-title":"The feasibility of assessing perfusion of the bone using quantitative ICG fluorescence imaging","volume":"09","author":"Boldewijn","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Reconstr Microsurgery Open"},{"issue":"3","key":"R37-20260407","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2017.08.040","article-title":"Fracture-related infection: a consensus on definition from an international expert group","volume":"49","author":"Metsemakers","year":"2018","journal-title":"Injury"},{"issue":"5","key":"R38-20260407","first-page":"433","article-title":"Perfusion parameters in near-infrared fluorescence imaging with indocyanine green: a systematic review of the literature","volume":"11","author":"Goncalves","year":"2021","journal-title":"Life (Basel)"},{"key":"R39-20260407","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111772","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2024.111772","article-title":"The impact of diabetes mellitus on foot perfusion measured by ICG NIR fluorescence imaging","volume":"214","author":"Koning","year":"2024","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract."},{"issue":"3","key":"R40-20260407","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1177\/15266028221081085","article-title":"Normalization of time-intensity curves for quantification of foot perfusion using near-infrared fluorescence imaging with indocyanine green","volume":"30","author":"Van Den Hoven","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Endovasc Ther."},{"issue":"1","key":"R41-20260407","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1007\/s00423-024-03589-1","article-title":"Establishing reference curves for vital tissue perfusion using quantitative near-infrared fluorescence imaging with indocyanine green","volume":"410","author":"Tange","year":"2025","journal-title":"Langenbecks Arch Surg."},{"issue":"7","key":"R42-20260407","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1453.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2015.04.090","article-title":"Indocyanine green angiography aids in prediction of limb salvage in vascular trauma","volume":"29","author":"Connolly","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Vasc Surg."},{"issue":"2","key":"R43-20260407","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.139.2.5751","article-title":"Interspecies differences in bone composition, density, and quality: potential implications for in vivo bone research","volume":"139","author":"Aerssens","year":"1998","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"R44-20260407","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/5046953","article-title":"Structure and functions of blood vessels and vascular niches in bone","volume":"2017","author":"Ramasamy","year":"2017","journal-title":"Stem Cell Int."}],"container-title":["JBJS Open Access"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.2106\/JBJS.OA.25.00177","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T13:54:43Z","timestamp":1787752483000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.2106\/JBJS.OA.25.00177"}},"subtitle":["A Feasibility Study"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2106\/jbjs.oa.25.00177","relation":{},"ISSN":["2472-7245"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2472-7245","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]}}}