{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T19:21:59Z","timestamp":1791400919371,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":126,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"7","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JBJS Rev"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,19]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:list list-type=\"plain\">\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>\u27a2 Legg-Calv\u00e9-Perthes disease is a childhood hip condition in which the blood supply to the capital femoral epiphysis is interrupted, causing osteonecrosis and chondronecrosis that lead to progressive deformity of the femoral head and secondary degenerative osteoarthritis in later life.<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>\u27a2 The etiology of Legg-Calv\u00e9-Perthes disease remains unclear, with both biological and mechanical factors playing important roles in the pathogenesis of the condition.<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>\u27a2 The treatment of Legg-Calv\u00e9-Perthes disease remains controversial but is dependent on several salient factors, including the age at clinical onset, the extent of epiphyseal involvement, the stage of the disease, and the degree of femoral head deformity.<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>\u27a2 The literature supports operative containment treatment in the early stage of disease. Such treatment has led to improved femoral head sphericity with better patient outcomes in multicenter prospective cohort studies.<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>\u27a2 The number of hips that need to be treated operatively in order to achieve a modest treatment effect remains high. Multicenter prospective cohort studies have shown that 6 to 7 patients need to be managed to create 1 spherical femoral head that would not have otherwise occurred.<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                    <\/jats:list>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2106\/jbjs.rvw.15.00063","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,19]],"date-time":"2016-07-19T23:05:30Z","timestamp":1468969530000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["The Pathogenesis and Treatment of Legg-Calv\u00e9-Perthes Disease"],"prefix":"10.2106","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Talal","family":"Ibrahim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthopaedic Research and Biotechnology, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Children\u2019s Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hamad General Hospital, Doha, Qatar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David G.","family":"Little","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthopaedic Research and Biotechnology, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Children\u2019s Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"r1-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1097\/01.BLO.0000238798.05338.13","article-title":"An obscure affection of the hip joint. 1910","volume":"451","author":"Legg","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res."},{"key":"r2-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1097\/01.blo.0000238799.05338.5a","article-title":"On a particular form of pseudo-coxalgia associated with a characteristic deformity of the upper end of the femur. 1910","volume":"451","author":"Calv\u00e9","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res."},{"issue":"9","key":"r3-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2349","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-012-2433-1","article-title":"The classic: On juvenile arthritis deformans. 1910","volume":"470","author":"Perthes","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res."},{"issue":"10","key":"r4-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2121","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200410000-00002","article-title":"Legg-Calve-Perthes disease. 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