{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T14:31:34Z","timestamp":1787754694779,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":89,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JBJS Rev"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,20]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:list list-type=\"plain\">\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>\u27a2 Nondisplaced scaphoid fractures can be effectively treated nonoperatively, with union rates approaching or, in some series, exceeding the rates attained with operative intervention.<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>\u27a2 The evidence supports equal outcomes when using a short arm or long arm cast for the closed treatment of nondisplaced scaphoid fractures. Also, equivalent outcomes have been demonstrated with or without a thumb spica component to the cast.<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>\u27a2 Operative intervention is the recommended treatment for displaced scaphoid fractures.<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>\u27a2 Advanced imaging should be obtained if clinical suspicion is present for a scaphoid fracture with negative radiographs more than 2 weeks after the injury. In some settings, it may even be more cost-effective to obtain advanced imaging sooner.<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                    <\/jats:list>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2106\/jbjs.rvw.15.00073","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,20]],"date-time":"2016-09-20T23:28:19Z","timestamp":1474414099000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Acute Scaphoid Fractures"],"prefix":"10.2106","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Mark A.","family":"Tait","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"OrthoCarolina Hand Center, Charlotte, North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John W.","family":"Bracey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"OrthoCarolina Hand Center, Charlotte, North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R. Glenn","family":"Gaston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"OrthoCarolina Hand Center, Charlotte, North Carolina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"r1-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1080\/02844319950159145","article-title":"Epidemiology of scaphoid fractures in Bergen, Norway","volume":"33","author":"Hove","year":"1999","journal-title":"Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg Hand Surg"},{"key":"r2-20230812","article-title":"Scaphoid fracture epidemiology","author":"Duckworth","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"issue":"2","key":"r3-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.3109\/17453679209154827","article-title":"Epidemiology of scaphoid fractures in Odense, Denmark","volume":"63","author":"Larsen","year":"1992","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Scand"},{"issue":"2","key":"r4-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1080\/00016470412331294455","article-title":"Fracture rate in a population-based sample of men in Reykjavik","volume":"75","author":"Jonsson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Scand"},{"issue":"12","key":"r5-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1316","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2009.03.045","article-title":"The incidence of scaphoid fracture in a military population","volume":"40","author":"Wolf","year":"2009","journal-title":"Injury"},{"issue":"8","key":"r6-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1242","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2010.05.017","article-title":"Incidence estimates and demographics of scaphoid fracture in the U.S. population","volume":"35","author":"Van Tassel","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am."},{"issue":"4","key":"r7-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/S0266-7681(03)00077-9","article-title":"The results of treatment of 734 fresh, simple fractures of the scaphoid","volume":"28","author":"B\u00f6hler","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Br."},{"issue":"4","key":"r8-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1016\/0363-5023(89)90191-3","article-title":"Scaphoid malunion","volume":"14","author":"Amadio","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am."},{"issue":"6","key":"r9-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1016\/0266-7681(92)90204-F","article-title":"Natural history of scaphoid non-union, with special reference to \u201casymptomatic\u201d cases","volume":"17","author":"Lindstr\u00f6m","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Br."},{"issue":"4","key":"r10-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198466040-00003","article-title":"The natural history of scaphoid non-union","volume":"66","author":"Mack","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am."},{"issue":"2","key":"r11-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199402000-00012","article-title":"Long-term results of fracture of the scaphoid. A follow-up study of more than thirty years","volume":"76","author":"D\u00fcppe","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am."},{"issue":"12","key":"r12-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1936","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2011.09.016","article-title":"Osseous and ligamentous scaphoid anatomy: part II. Evaluation of ligament morphology using three-dimensional anatomical imaging","volume":"36","author":"Buijze","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am."},{"issue":"10","key":"r13-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1560","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198971100-00017","article-title":"Fractures and non-unions of the carpal scaphoid","volume":"71","author":"Gelberman","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am."},{"issue":"12","key":"r15-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1926","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2011.09.012","article-title":"Osseous and ligamentous scaphoid anatomy: part I. A systematic literature review highlighting controversies","volume":"36","author":"Buijze","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am."},{"issue":"4","key":"r16-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.78B4.0780519","article-title":"Herbert screw fixation of scaphoid fractures","volume":"78","author":"Filan","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br."},{"issue":"3","key":"r17-20230812","first-page":"234","article-title":"Fractures of the scaphoid","volume":"9","author":"Eddeland","year":"1975","journal-title":"Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"r18-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198805000-00004","article-title":"Displaced fractures of the scaphoid","volume":"230","author":"Szabo","year":"1988","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res."},{"issue":"6","key":"r19-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1136\/emj.2005.025700","article-title":"Best evidence topic report. Magnetic resonance imaging or bone scintigraphy in the diagnosis of plain x ray occult scaphoid fractures","volume":"22","author":"Foex","year":"2005","journal-title":"Emerg Med J"},{"issue":"3","key":"r20-20230812","first-page":"677","article-title":"Diagnosis of occult scaphoid fracture with high-spatial-resolution sonography: a prospective blind study","volume":"59","author":"Fusetti","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"issue":"6","key":"r21-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"954","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2008.04.016","article-title":"Imaging for suspected scaphoid fracture","volume":"33","author":"Ring","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am."},{"issue":"6","key":"r22-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1016\/0266-7681(93)90230-D","article-title":"Imaging the position of a screw within the scaphoid. A clinical, anatomical and radiological study","volume":"18","author":"Compson","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Br."},{"issue":"5","key":"r23-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1016\/S0363-5023(80)80087-6","article-title":"The vascularity of the scaphoid bone","volume":"5","author":"Gelberman","year":"1980","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am."},{"issue":"4","key":"r24-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1016\/S0363-5023(83)80194-4","article-title":"The arterial anatomy of the human carpus. Part I: the extraosseous vascularity","volume":"8","author":"Gelberman","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am."},{"key":"r25-20230812","first-page":"115","article-title":"The venous anatomy of the scaphoid","volume":"178","author":"Handley","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Anat"},{"issue":"4","key":"r26-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1016\/S0363-5023(83)80195-6","article-title":"The arterial anatomy of the human carpus. Part II: the intraosseous vascularity","volume":"8","author":"Panagis","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am."},{"key":"r27-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198006000-00006","article-title":"Mechanism of carpal injuries","volume":"149","author":"Mayfield","year":"1980","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"r28-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/S0363-5023(78)80062-8","article-title":"An experimental approach to the mechanism of scaphoid waist fractures","volume":"3","author":"Weber","year":"1978","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am."},{"key":"r29-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-196042050-00002","article-title":"Fracture of the carpal navicular. Diagnosis, non-operative treatment, and operative treatment","volume":"42","author":"Russe","year":"1960","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am."},{"key":"r30-20230812","first-page":"197","article-title":"Scaphoid fractures: current treatments and techniques","volume":"52","author":"Cooney","year":"2003","journal-title":"Instr Course Lect"},{"issue":"1","key":"r31-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.66B1.6693468","article-title":"Management of the fractured scaphoid using a new bone screw","volume":"66","author":"Herbert","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br."},{"issue":"5","key":"r32-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1054\/JHSB.1999.0197","article-title":"The prognostic value and reproducibility of the radiological features of the fractured scaphoid","volume":"24","author":"Desai","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Br."},{"issue":"3","key":"r33-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1016\/S0266-7681(98)80050-8","article-title":"Combining the clinical signs improves diagnosis of scaphoid fractures. A prospective study with follow-up","volume":"23","author":"Parvizi","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Br."},{"issue":"9","key":"r34-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1683","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2014.06.004","article-title":"Clinical diagnostic evaluation for scaphoid fractures: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"39","author":"Mallee","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am."},{"issue":"7","key":"r35-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.94B7.28704","article-title":"Predictors of fracture following suspected injury to the scaphoid","volume":"94","author":"Duckworth","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br."},{"issue":"1","key":"r36-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200201000-00023","article-title":"Nondisplaced scaphoid fractures: assessment and treatment","volume":"84","author":"Ring","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am."},{"issue":"4","key":"r37-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.5435\/00124635-200007000-00003","article-title":"Acute fractures of the scaphoid","volume":"8","author":"Ring","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Am Acad Orthop Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"r38-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mej.0000228445.63523.b7","article-title":"Scaphoid fractures: variation in radiographic views - a survey of current practice in the West of Scotland region","volume":"14","author":"Shenoy","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur J Emerg Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"r39-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/J.JHSB.2005.09.001","article-title":"X-ray diagnosis of acute scaphoid fractures","volume":"31","author":"Cheung","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Br."},{"issue":"4","key":"r40-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"784","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2012.10.025","article-title":"Diagnosis of scaphoid fracture displacement","volume":"38","author":"Swart","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am."},{"issue":"4","key":"r41-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200104000-00001","article-title":"Percutaneous screw fixation or cast immobilization for nondisplaced scaphoid fractures","volume":"83","author":"Bond","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am."},{"key":"r42-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198006000-00010","article-title":"Fractures of the scaphoid: a rational approach to management","volume":"149","author":"Cooney","year":"1980","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"r43-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00389579","article-title":"Fractures of the scaphoid bone. A follow-up study","volume":"103","author":"Thorleifsson","year":"1984","journal-title":"Arch Orthop Trauma Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"r44-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2011.08.015","article-title":"Scaphoid morphology and clinical outcomes in scaphoid reconstructions","volume":"43","author":"Megerle","year":"2012","journal-title":"Injury"},{"issue":"21","key":"r45-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1967","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.K.00993","article-title":"Diagnostic performance of radiographs and computed tomography for displacement and instability of acute scaphoid waist fractures","volume":"94","author":"Buijze","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am."},{"issue":"2","key":"r46-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2015.01.001","article-title":"Management of complications of wrist fractures","volume":"31","author":"Gaston","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hand Clin"},{"issue":"4","key":"r47-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1007\/s00776-006-1025-x","article-title":"Scaphoid fractures and nonunions: diagnosis and treatment","volume":"11","author":"Steinmann","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Orthop Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"r48-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-009-1081-6","article-title":"Diagnosing suspected scaphoid fractures: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"468","author":"Yin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"r49-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1136\/emermed-2011-200676","article-title":"Cost and clinical effectiveness of MRI in occult scaphoid fractures: a randomised controlled trial","volume":"30","author":"Patel","year":"2013","journal-title":"Emerg Med J"},{"issue":"5","key":"r50-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1177\/1753193411428993","article-title":"Early CT for suspected occult scaphoid fractures","volume":"37","author":"Stevenson","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Eur Vol"},{"issue":"10","key":"r51-20230812","first-page":"2160","article-title":"Should acute scaphoid fractures be fixed? A randomized controlled trial","volume":"87","author":"Dias","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am."},{"issue":"11","key":"r52-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1759","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2011.08.033","article-title":"Surgical versus nonsurgical treatment of acute minimally displaced and undisplaced scaphoid waist fractures: pairwise and network meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials","volume":"36","author":"Ibrahim","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am."},{"issue":"4","key":"r53-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2008.12.027","article-title":"An evidence-based approach to the management of acute scaphoid fractures","volume":"34","author":"Grewal","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am."},{"issue":"6","key":"r54-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"988","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2008.04.026","article-title":"Treatment of scaphoid fractures and nonunions","volume":"33","author":"Kawamura","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am."},{"issue":"6","key":"r55-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1176","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.G.00673","article-title":"Nonoperative compared with operative treatment of acute scaphoid fractures. A randomized clinical trial","volume":"90","author":"Vinnars","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am."},{"issue":"7","key":"r56-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1341","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2015.03.007","article-title":"Conservative treatment versus arthroscopic-assisted screw fixation of scaphoid waist fractures\u2014a randomized trial with minimum 4-year follow-up","volume":"40","author":"Clementson","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am."},{"issue":"3","key":"r57-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198971030-00007","article-title":"Comparison of short and long thumb-spica casts for non-displaced fractures of the carpal scaphoid","volume":"71","author":"Gellman","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am."},{"issue":"4","key":"r58-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2013.12.039","article-title":"Cast immobilization with and without immobilization of the thumb for nondisplaced and minimally displaced scaphoid waist fractures: a multicenter, randomized, controlled trial","volume":"39","author":"Buijze","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am."},{"issue":"4","key":"r59-20230812","first-page":"1073","article-title":"Nonoperative treatment for acute scaphoid fractures: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"71","author":"Doornberg","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"issue":"5","key":"r60-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"828","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.73B5.1894676","article-title":"Need the thumb be immobilised in scaphoid fractures? A randomised prospective trial","volume":"73","author":"Clay","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br."},{"issue":"5","key":"r61-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.3109\/17453677508989259","article-title":"Management of fractured scaphoid bone. A prospective study of 100 fractures","volume":"46","author":"Alho","year":"1975","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Scand"},{"issue":"1","key":"r62-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.81B1.0810091","article-title":"Acute fractures of the scaphoid. Treatment by cast immobilisation with the wrist in flexion or extension?","volume":"81","author":"Hambidge","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br."},{"issue":"7","key":"r63-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.90B7.20371","article-title":"Clinical and radiological outcome of cast immobilisation versus surgical treatment of acute scaphoid fractures at a mean follow-up of 93 months","volume":"90","author":"Dias","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br."},{"issue":"5","key":"r64-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1177\/1753193409105189","article-title":"Undisplaced scaphoid waist fractures: is 4 weeks\u2019 immobilisation in a below-elbow cast sufficient if a week 4 CT scan suggests fracture union?","volume":"34","author":"Geoghegan","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Eur Vol"},{"issue":"1","key":"r65-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.90B1.19767","article-title":"Percutaneous screw fixation versus conservative treatment for fractures of the waist of the scaphoid: a prospective randomised study","volume":"90","author":"McQueen","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br."},{"issue":"6","key":"r66-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1534","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.I.01214","article-title":"Surgical compared with conservative treatment for acute nondisplaced or minimally displaced scaphoid fractures: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"92","author":"Buijze","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am."},{"issue":"5","key":"r67-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200005000-00004","article-title":"Displaced scaphoid fractures treated with open reduction and internal fixation with a cannulated screw","volume":"82","author":"Trumble","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am."},{"issue":"3","key":"r68-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1054\/jhsb.2001.0558","article-title":"Acutrak screw fixation versus cast immobilisation for undisplaced scaphoid waist fractures","volume":"26","author":"Adolfsson","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Br."},{"issue":"4","key":"r69-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2009.01.011","article-title":"A computational approach to the \u201coptimal\u201d screw axis location and orientation in the scaphoid bone","volume":"34","author":"Leventhal","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am."},{"issue":"10","key":"r70-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1838","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2009.07.012","article-title":"Comparison of percutaneous dorsal versus volar fixation of scaphoid waist fractures using a computer model in cadavers","volume":"34","author":"Soubeyrand","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am."},{"issue":"11","key":"r71-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1753","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2011.08.031","article-title":"Incidence of scaphotrapezial arthritis following volar percutaneous fixation of nondisplaced scaphoid waist fractures using a transtrapezial approach","volume":"36","author":"Geurts","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am."},{"issue":"6","key":"r72-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"966","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2008.04.023","article-title":"Technique for percutaneous fixation of displaced and nondisplaced acute scaphoid fractures and select nonunions","volume":"33","author":"Merrell","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am."},{"issue":"3","key":"r73-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2005.09.014","article-title":"Screw fixation of scaphoid fractures: a biomechanical assessment of screw length and screw augmentation","volume":"31","author":"Dodds","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am."},{"issue":"1","key":"r74-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200301000-00012","article-title":"Central placement of the screw in simulated fractures of the scaphoid waist: a biomechanical study","volume":"85","author":"McCallister","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am."},{"issue":"7","key":"r75-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2007.05.030","article-title":"Anthropometry of the human scaphoid","volume":"32","author":"Heinzelmann","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am."},{"issue":"16","key":"r76-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1369","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.L.01729","article-title":"Comparison of two percutaneous volar approaches for screw fixation of scaphoid waist fractures: radiographic and biomechanical study of an osteotomy-simulated model","volume":"96","author":"Meermans","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am."},{"issue":"7","key":"r77-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1400","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2012.04.021","article-title":"Optimal fixation of oblique scaphoid fractures: a cadaver model","volume":"37","author":"Luria","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am."},{"issue":"1","key":"r78-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/S0363-5023(96)80155-9","article-title":"Unrecognized chondral penetration by a Herbert screw in the scaphoid","volume":"21","author":"Tumilty","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am."},{"issue":"6","key":"r79-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2007.04.003","article-title":"Complications in dorsal percutaneous cannulated screw fixation of nondisplaced scaphoid waist fractures","volume":"32","author":"Bushnell","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am."},{"issue":"3","key":"r80-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2007.12.006","article-title":"Percutaneous fixation of the scaphoid through a dorsal approach: an anatomic study","volume":"33","author":"Adamany","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am."},{"issue":"1","key":"r81-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2013.09.002","article-title":"Use of arthroscopy for the treatment of scaphoid fractures","volume":"30","author":"Slutsky","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hand Clin"},{"issue":"3","key":"r82-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1177\/1753193408090121","article-title":"Arthroscopic-assisted percutaneous reduction and screw fixation of displaced scaphoid fractures","volume":"33","author":"Slade","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Eur Vol"},{"issue":"4","key":"r83-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2013.12.032","article-title":"Computer-assisted navigation for dorsal percutaneous scaphoid screw placement: a cadaveric study","volume":"39","author":"Kam","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am."},{"key":"r84-20230812","first-page":"69","article-title":"Acute fractures of the scaphoid","volume":"56","author":"Haisman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Instr Course Lect"},{"issue":"6","key":"r85-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1211","DOI":"10.1053\/jhsu.1999.1211","article-title":"Scaphoid nonunion and flexor pollicis longus tendon rupture","volume":"24","author":"Saitoh","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am."},{"issue":"6","key":"r86-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1054\/JHSB.1999.0232","article-title":"Delayed sequential ruptures of the index and thumb flexor tendons due to an occult scaphoid nonunion","volume":"24","author":"Wacker","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Br."},{"key":"r87-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-200102000-00008","article-title":"Vascularity of the carpus","volume":"383","author":"Freedman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"r88-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1177\/1753193408093327","article-title":"The clinical outcome of scaphoid fracture malunion at 1 year","volume":"34","author":"Forward","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Eur Vol"},{"issue":"8","key":"r89-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1217","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199274080-00012","article-title":"Long-term results after Russe bone-grafting: the effect of malunion of the scaphoid","volume":"74","author":"Jiranek","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am."},{"issue":"1","key":"r90-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/S0363-5023(05)80177-7","article-title":"Corrective osteotomy for scaphoid malunion: technique and long-term follow-up evaluation","volume":"22","author":"Lynch","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am."}],"container-title":["JBJS Reviews"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/01874474-201609000-00003","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T13:31:07Z","timestamp":1787751067000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/01874474-201609000-00003"}},"subtitle":["A Critical Analysis Review"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,20]]},"references-count":89,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2106\/jbjs.rvw.15.00073","relation":{},"ISSN":["2329-9185"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2329-9185","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,20]]}}}