{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T14:30:50Z","timestamp":1787754650320,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":98,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JBJS Rev"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,31]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:list list-type=\"plain\">\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>\u27a2 Chronic lateral ankle instability can occur in a subset of patients following ankle inversion sprains. Operative treatment to restore stability in the ankle and hindfoot and to prevent further degenerative changes may be indicated in cases in which nonoperative treatment has failed.<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>\u27a2 Anatomical direct repair with use of native ligament remnants with or without reinforcement of the inferior retinaculum is the so-called gold standard operative strategy for the treatment of lateral ankle instability. The procedure has shown promising short and long-term outcomes. Candidates for the procedure have ligament remnants of sufficient quality that are amendable to direct repair.<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>\u27a2 Anatomical reconstruction with use of autograft or allograft is reserved for patients with insufficient ligament remnants to fashion a direct repair, failed previous lateral ankle repair, high body mass index, or generalized ligamentous laxity. A wide variety of autografts have been described, each with potential advantages and disadvantages. These procedures can provide good-to-excellent short-term outcomes. However, there is no available information on their long-term clinical results.<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>\u27a2 Non-anatomical lateral ligament reconstruction typically involves the use of the adjacent peroneal brevis tendon and has been applied in cases in which only poor-quality ligament remains. The procedure can provide good to excellent short-term outcomes, although reported long-term outcomes have differed among studies. The particular tendon used for the graft should be carefully considered given the potential alterations in the kinematics of the ankle and hindfoot.<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>\u27a2 Arthroscopic ligament repair is becoming increasingly popular as it is minimally invasive. This procedure is restricted to patients who have good-quality ligament remnants. Good-to-excellent clinical outcomes have been reported after short and long-term follow-up, although a relatively high rate of complications\u2014including nerve damage\u2014has been reported following the procedure and therefore warrants further investigation before widespread adoption can be advocated.<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                    <\/jats:list>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2106\/jbjs.rvw.15.00074","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,31]],"date-time":"2016-05-31T23:38:51Z","timestamp":1464737931000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["Operative Treatment of Lateral Ankle Instability"],"prefix":"10.2106","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Youichi","family":"Yasui","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY"},{"name":"Teikyo University School of Medicine, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher D.","family":"Murawski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY"},{"name":"University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adi","family":"Wollstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY"},{"name":"University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masato","family":"Takao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Teikyo University School of Medicine, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tokyo, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John G.","family":"Kennedy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"r1-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199173020-00021","article-title":"Treatment for acute tears of the lateral ligaments of the ankle. 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