{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T14:35:33Z","timestamp":1787754933938,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":80,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"6","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JBJS Rev"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:list list-type=\"plain\">\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>\u27a2 The poor intrinsic healing potential of tendon and ligamentous tissue has driven the search for biological agents that can improve healing, most notably platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and autologous stem cells.<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>\u27a2 Current evidence best supports the use of PRP as treatment for chronic, degenerative tendinopathies such as lateral epicondylitis of the elbow or patellar tendinopathy. It does not support the use of PRP to promote tendon or ligament-to-bone healing in rotator cuff repair or anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction.<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>\u27a2 Clinical evidence regarding the use of autologous stem cells as treatment for tendon and ligament abnormalities is currently limited. However, the initial results appear to be promising, particularly following rotator cuff repair.<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>\u27a2 A major limitation in the evaluation of current data is the lack of standardization in the preparation and composition of PRP, which are often not reported. Future investigators should make an effort to report the method of preparation and final composition of PRP used.<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>\u27a2 Autologous stem cells were most often harvested from bone marrow aspirate but were occasionally derived from dermal tenocyte cells. Recent studies have explored new sources for stem cells, including adipose tissue, peripheral blood, and human amniotic tissue. We expect that clinical data evaluating these treatments will soon emerge.<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                    <\/jats:list>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2106\/jbjs.rvw.15.00079","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,22]],"date-time":"2016-06-22T15:42:40Z","timestamp":1466610160000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Biological Treatments for Tendon and Ligament Abnormalities"],"prefix":"10.2106","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"David J.","family":"Fralinger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"New York University Center for Musculoskeletal Care, New York, NY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel J.","family":"Kaplan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New York University Center for Musculoskeletal Care, New York, NY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maxwell E.","family":"Weinberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New York University Center for Musculoskeletal Care, New York, NY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric J.","family":"Strauss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New York University Center for Musculoskeletal Care, New York, NY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laith M.","family":"Jazrawi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"New York University Center for Musculoskeletal Care, New York, NY"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"r1-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1018","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2011.12.009","article-title":"Exploring the application of stem cells in tendon repair and regeneration","volume":"28","author":"Ahmad","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arthroscopy"},{"issue":"1","key":"r2-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2013.08.017","article-title":"Increased vascularization during early healing after biologic augmentation in repair of chronic rotator cuff tears using autologous leukocyte- and platelet-rich fibrin (L-PRF): a prospective randomized controlled pilot trial","volume":"23","author":"Zumstein","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"r3-20230812","first-page":"25","article-title":"Platelet-rich fibrin in arthroscopic repair of massive rotator cuff tears: a prospective randomized pilot clinical trial","volume":"79","author":"Antu\u00f1a","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Belg"},{"issue":"10","key":"r4-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2446","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546514541777","article-title":"Platelet-rich plasma in rotator cuff repair: a prospective randomized study","volume":"42","author":"Malavolta","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"key":"r5-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129515","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/129515","article-title":"Regenerative medicine in rotator cuff injuries","volume":"2014","author":"Randelli","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"r6-20230812","first-page":"24","article-title":"The emerging use of platelet-rich plasma in musculoskeletal medicine","volume":"115","author":"Bashir","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Am Osteopath Assoc"},{"key":"r7-20230812","article-title":"Multilayer scaffolds in orthopaedic tissue engineering","author":"Atesok","year":"2014","journal-title":"Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc"},{"key":"r8-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-bioeng-071910-124656","article-title":"Functional attachment of soft tissues to bone: development, healing, and tissue engineering","volume":"15","author":"Lu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Annu Rev Biomed Eng"},{"issue":"12","key":"r9-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1795","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199312000-00009","article-title":"Tendon-healing in a bone tunnel. 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