{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T00:57:19Z","timestamp":1793408239281,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":95,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"8","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JBJS Rev"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:list list-type=\"plain\">\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>\u27a2 Adult-acquired flatfoot deformity is a complex process attributed mainly to posterior tibial tendon insufficiency.<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>\u27a2 Thorough physical examination and radiographs of the foot and ankle are usually adequate to achieve diagnosis.<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>\u27a2 Nonoperative management is the first line of treatment and has a reported success rate ranging from 67% to 90%.<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>\u27a2 A multitude of surgical options are available, particularly for stage II, with no consensus on the best options.<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>\u27a2 Fusions are associated with poor outcomes; hence, there is a trend toward earlier reconstruction before arthritis ensues.<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                    <\/jats:list>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2106\/jbjs.rvw.16.00116","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,14]],"date-time":"2017-08-14T01:38:55Z","timestamp":1502674735000},"page":"e7-e7","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":96,"title":["Adult-Acquired Flatfoot Deformity"],"prefix":"10.2106","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Mostafa M.","family":"Abousayed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maxwell C.","family":"Alley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel","family":"Shakked","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Rothman Institute at Jefferson, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew J.","family":"Rosenbaum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,15]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"r1-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2007.03.003","article-title":"Posterior tibial tendon rupture: a refined classification system","volume":"12","author":"Bluman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Clin"},{"issue":"2","key":"r2-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.5435\/00124635-199903000-00004","article-title":"Posterior tibial tendon insufficiency: diagnosis and treatment","volume":"7","author":"Beals","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Am Acad Orthop Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"r3-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2007.03.004","article-title":"Stage IV posterior tibial tendon rupture","volume":"12","author":"Bluman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Clin"},{"issue":"3","key":"r4-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1177\/107110070502600306","article-title":"Surgical reconstruction of posterior tibial tendon tear in adolescents: report of two cases and review of the literature","volume":"26","author":"Brodsky","year":"2005","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"r5-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198668010-00012","article-title":"Acquired adult flat foot secondary to posterior tibial-tendon pathology","volume":"68","author":"Funk","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am."},{"issue":"1","key":"r6-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/S1083-7515(03)00008-1","article-title":"Stage II flatfoot: what fails and why","volume":"8","author":"Hill","year":"2003","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Clin"},{"issue":"6","key":"r7-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1177\/107110070502600601","article-title":"Posterior tibial tendon insufficiency: which ligaments are involved?","volume":"26","author":"Deland","year":"2005","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"key":"r8-20230812","first-page":"135","article-title":"Tendovaginitis (tenosynovitis): general discussion and report of one case involving the posterior tibial tendon","volume":"33","author":"Kulowski","year":"1936","journal-title":"J Missouri State Med Assoc."},{"issue":"3","key":"r9-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1016\/S1083-7515(03)00124-4","article-title":"A classification of severity with an analysis of causative problems related to the type of treatment","volume":"8","author":"Mankey","year":"2003","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Clin"},{"key":"r10-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198902000-00022","article-title":"Tibialis posterior tendon dysfunction","volume":"239","author":"Johnson","year":"1989","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"r11-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/0049-0172(92)90004-W","article-title":"Posterior tibial tendon dysfunction","volume":"22","author":"Supple","year":"1992","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"r12-20230812","first-page":"437","article-title":"Observations on the muscles and tendons of the medial aspect of the sole of the foot","volume":"98","author":"Martin","year":"1964","journal-title":"J Anat"},{"issue":"4","key":"r14-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1177\/107110070102200404","article-title":"The effect of posterior tibial tendon dysfunction on hindfoot kinematics","volume":"22","author":"Niki","year":"2001","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"3","key":"r15-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1016\/S1083-7515(03)00084-6","article-title":"Biomechanics and pathophysiology of flat foot","volume":"8","author":"Van Boerum","year":"2003","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Clin"},{"issue":"2","key":"r19-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1177\/107110079601700207","article-title":"Gross, histological, and microvascular anatomy and biomechanical testing of the spring ligament complex","volume":"17","author":"Davis","year":"1996","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"key":"r20-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-198307000-00021","article-title":"Tibialis posterior tendon rupture","volume":"177","author":"Johnson","year":"1983","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res."},{"key":"r21-20230812","first-page":"101","article-title":"Posterior tibial tenosynovitis secondary to foot strain","volume":"42","author":"Cozen","year":"1965","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"r22-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1177\/107110079201300204","article-title":"Possible epidemiological factors associated with rupture of the posterior tibial tendon","volume":"13","author":"Holmes","year":"1992","journal-title":"Foot Ankle"},{"issue":"6","key":"r23-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"884","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199072060-00014","article-title":"Vascularity of the posterior tibial tendon","volume":"72","author":"Frey","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am."},{"issue":"3","key":"r24-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1177\/107110078200300308","article-title":"Spontaneous rupture of the tibialis posterior tendon: clinical findings, tenographic studies, and a new technique of repair","volume":"3","author":"Jahss","year":"1982","journal-title":"Foot Ankle"},{"issue":"1","key":"r25-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.84B1.0840141","article-title":"The blood supply of the posterior tibial tendon","volume":"84","author":"Petersen","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br."},{"issue":"5","key":"r26-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1177\/107110078900900503","article-title":"Posterior tibial tendon dysfunction: its association with seronegative inflammatory disease","volume":"9","author":"Myerson","year":"1989","journal-title":"Foot Ankle"},{"issue":"2","key":"r27-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2014.07.001","article-title":"MMP-1 promoter genotype and haplotype association with posterior tibial tendinopathy","volume":"547","author":"Baroneza","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gene"},{"issue":"1","key":"r28-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0838.2012.01469.x","article-title":"MMP-8 polymorphism is genetic marker to tendinopathy primary posterior tibial tendon","volume":"24","author":"Godoy-Santos","year":"2014","journal-title":"Scand J Med Sci Sports"},{"issue":"12","key":"r29-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1168","DOI":"10.3113\/FAI.2009.1168","article-title":"New radiographic parameters assessing forefoot abduction in the adult acquired flatfoot deformity","volume":"30","author":"Ellis","year":"2009","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"2","key":"r30-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.3113\/FAI.2011.0189","article-title":"Validity of the posterior tibial edema sign in posterior tibial tendon dysfunction","volume":"32","author":"DeOrio","year":"2011","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"key":"r31-20230812","first-page":"315","article-title":"Reduction of the uncrossed two-joints muscles of the leg to one-joint muscles in spastic conditions","volume":"56","author":"Silfverski\u00f6ld","year":"1924","journal-title":"Acta Chir Scand"},{"issue":"7","key":"r32-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.5435\/00124635-200807000-00005","article-title":"Adult-acquired flatfoot deformity","volume":"16","author":"Deland","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Am Acad Orthop Surg"},{"issue":"12","key":"r33-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1400","DOI":"10.1177\/1071100715596607","article-title":"Contribution of lateral column lengthening to correction of forefoot abduction in stage IIb adult acquired flatfoot deformity reconstruction","volume":"36","author":"Chan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"10","key":"r34-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"820","DOI":"10.1177\/107110070502601006","article-title":"Radiographic assessment of adult flatfoot","volume":"26","author":"Younger","year":"2005","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"9","key":"r35-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1177\/107110079501600911","article-title":"The hindfoot alignment view","volume":"16","author":"Saltzman","year":"1995","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"3","key":"r36-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.10.5728","article-title":"Hindfoot alignment measurements: rotation-stability of measurement techniques on hindfoot alignment view and long axial view radiographs","volume":"197","author":"Buck","year":"2011","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"4","key":"r37-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1177\/1071100714558846","article-title":"New radiographic parameter assessing hindfoot alignment in stage II adult-acquired flatfoot deformity","volume":"36","author":"Williamson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"8","key":"r38-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e63","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.L.01205","article-title":"Comparison of deformity with respect to the talus in patients with posterior tibial tendon dysfunction and controls using multiplanar weight-bearing imaging or conventional radiography","volume":"96","author":"Haleem","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am."},{"issue":"9","key":"r39-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1777","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2015.05.021","article-title":"Imaging of posterior tibial tendon dysfunction\u2014comparison of high-resolution ultrasound and 3T MRI","volume":"84","author":"Arnoldner","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"r40-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1145","DOI":"10.7863\/jum.2008.27.8.1145","article-title":"Comparison of sonography and magnetic resonance imaging for spring ligament abnormalities: preliminary study","volume":"27","author":"Harish","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Ultrasound Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"r41-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.1177\/1071100715576485","article-title":"Functional outcomes of tibialis posterior tendoscopy with comparison to magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"36","author":"Gianakos","year":"2015","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"key":"r42-20230812","first-page":"393","article-title":"Adult acquired flatfoot deformity: treatment of dysfunction of the posterior tibial tendon","volume":"46","author":"Myerson","year":"1997","journal-title":"Instr Course Lect"},{"issue":"2","key":"r43-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1007\/s11420-006-9017-0","article-title":"Posterior tibial tendon insufficiency results at different stages","volume":"2","author":"Deland","year":"2006","journal-title":"HSS J"},{"issue":"2","key":"r44-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2012.03.002","article-title":"The RAM classification: a novel, systematic approach to the adult-acquired flatfoot","volume":"17","author":"Raikin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Clin"},{"issue":"1","key":"r45-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1177\/107110070602700102","article-title":"Stage I and II posterior tibial tendon dysfunction treated by a structured nonoperative management protocol: an orthosis and exercise program","volume":"27","author":"Alvarez","year":"2006","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"8","key":"r46-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.3113\/FAI.2008.0781","article-title":"Results of non-surgical treatment of stage II posterior tibial tendon dysfunction: a 7- to 10-year followup","volume":"29","author":"Lin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"3","key":"r47-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1016\/S1083-7515(03)00036-6","article-title":"Nonoperative treatment of adult acquired flat foot with the Arizona brace","volume":"8","author":"Augustin","year":"2003","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Clin"},{"issue":"12","key":"r48-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1177\/107110079601701204","article-title":"Nonoperative management of posterior tibial tendon dysfunction","volume":"17","author":"Chao","year":"1996","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"3","key":"r49-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2012.10.025","article-title":"Platelet-rich plasma in tendon models: a systematic review of basic science literature","volume":"29","author":"Baksh","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arthroscopy"},{"issue":"8","key":"r50-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1742","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546512452713","article-title":"The positive effects of different platelet-rich plasma methods on human muscle, bone, and tendon cells","volume":"40","author":"Mazzocca","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"r51-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198567040-00009","article-title":"Rupture of the posterior tibial tendon causing flat foot. Surgical treatment","volume":"67","author":"Mann","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am."},{"issue":"3","key":"r52-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.67B3.3997956","article-title":"The myth of muscle balance. A study of relative strengths and excursions of normal muscles about the foot and ankle","volume":"67","author":"Silver","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br."},{"issue":"4","key":"r53-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1177\/107110070302400409","article-title":"MR morphometry of posterior tibialis muscle in adult acquired flat foot","volume":"24","author":"Wacker","year":"2003","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"r54-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.3113\/FAI.2011.0095","article-title":"Symposium: adult acquired flatfoot deformity","volume":"32","author":"Haddad","year":"2011","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"3","key":"r55-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.97B3.34386","article-title":"Long-term follow-up of flexor digitorum longus transfer and calcaneal osteotomy for stage II posterior tibial tendon dysfunction","volume":"97-B","author":"Chadwick","year":"2015","journal-title":"Bone Joint J"},{"key":"r56-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1016\/0958-2592(93)90002-K","article-title":"Posterior tibial tendon pathology: the foot at risk and its treatment by os calcis osteotomy","author":"Welton","year":"1993","journal-title":"Foot"},{"key":"r57-20230812","first-page":"358","article-title":"Beitrag zur operativen plattfussbehandlung","volume":"46","author":"Gleich","year":"1893","journal-title":"Arch. Klin. Chir"},{"issue":"11","key":"r58-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1177\/107110079501601108","article-title":"Tendon transfer combined with calcaneal osteotomy for treatment of posterior tibial tendon insufficiency: a radiological investigation","volume":"16","author":"Myerson","year":"1995","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"key":"r59-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/0958-2592(92)90028-N","article-title":"Osteotomy of the calcaneum for symptomatic idiopathic valgus heel","volume":"2","author":"Nayak","year":"1992","journal-title":"Foot"},{"issue":"1","key":"r60-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.53B1.96","article-title":"Treatment of mobile flat foot by displacement osteotomy of the calcaneus","volume":"53","author":"Koutsogiannis","year":"1971","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br."},{"issue":"9","key":"r61-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1177\/107110070302400909","article-title":"Surgical treatment of acquired flatfoot deformity: what is the state of practice among academic foot and ankle surgeons in 2002?","volume":"24","author":"Hiller","year":"2003","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"11","key":"r62-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1177\/107110079501601111","article-title":"Lateral column lengthening with calcaneocuboid fusion: range of motion in the triple joint complex","volume":"16","author":"Deland","year":"1995","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"2","key":"r63-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1177\/107110070102200205","article-title":"Preliminary results comparing two methods of lateral column lengthening","volume":"22","author":"Thomas","year":"2001","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"2","key":"r64-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2012.03.005","article-title":"Lateral column lengthening osteotomies","volume":"17","author":"Roche","year":"2012","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Clin"},{"issue":"3","key":"r65-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.57B3.270","article-title":"Calcaneo-valgus deformity","volume":"57","author":"Evans","year":"1975","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br."},{"issue":"5","key":"r66-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.3113\/FAI.2012.0386","article-title":"CT measurement of range of motion of ankle and subtalar joints following two lateral column lengthening procedures","volume":"33","author":"Beimers","year":"2012","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"3","key":"r67-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1177\/107110079301400305","article-title":"Effect of calcaneal lengthening on relationships among the hindfoot, midfoot, and forefoot","volume":"14","author":"Sangeorzan","year":"1993","journal-title":"Foot Ankle"},{"key":"r68-20230812","first-page":"321","article-title":"The management of complications following the treatment of flatfoot deformity","volume":"60","author":"Lin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Instr Course Lect"},{"issue":"1","key":"r69-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.H.01057","article-title":"Plantar pressures in patients with and without lateral foot pain after lateral column lengthening","volume":"92","author":"Ellis","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am."},{"issue":"12","key":"r70-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1094","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.K.01032","article-title":"Sensitivity of plantar pressure and talonavicular alignment to lateral column lengthening in flatfoot reconstruction","volume":"95","author":"Oh","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am."},{"issue":"10","key":"r71-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1177\/107110079801901011","article-title":"Stress fracture of the fifth metatarsal after Evans\u2019 calcaneal osteotomy: a report of two cases","volume":"19","author":"Davitt","year":"1998","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"7","key":"r72-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1177\/107110070302400703","article-title":"Effects of medializing calcaneal osteotomy on Achilles tendon lengthening and plantar foot pressures","volume":"24","author":"Hadfield","year":"2003","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"11","key":"r73-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1192","DOI":"10.1177\/1071100714545628","article-title":"Graft shape affects midfoot correction and forefoot loading mechanics in lateral column lengthening osteotomies","volume":"35","author":"Baxter","year":"2014","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"4","key":"r74-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1097\/BTF.0b013e318183a0df","article-title":"Lateral column lengthening using a \u201cZ\u201d osteotomy of the calcaneus","volume":"7","author":"Vander Griend","year":"2008","journal-title":"Tech Foot Ankle Surg"},{"issue":"7","key":"r75-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1177\/1071100715574933","article-title":"Outcomes of a stepcut lengthening calcaneal osteotomy for adult-acquired flatfoot deformity","volume":"36","author":"Demetracopoulos","year":"2015","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"r76-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1177\/107110070602700103","article-title":"A surgical approach for flexible flatfeet in adults including a subtalar arthroereisis with the MBA sinus tarsi implant","volume":"27","author":"Needleman","year":"2006","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"2","key":"r77-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2012.03.006","article-title":"Is there a role for subtalar arthroereisis in the management of adult acquired flatfoot?","volume":"17","author":"Fern\u00e1ndez de Retana","year":"2012","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Clin"},{"issue":"3","key":"r78-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1016\/S1083-7515(03)00041-X","article-title":"Arthroerisis of the subtalar joint","volume":"8","author":"Zaret","year":"2003","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Clin"},{"issue":"4","key":"r79-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1177\/107110070502600411","article-title":"Current topic review: subtalar arthroereisis for the correction of flexible flatfoot","volume":"26","author":"Needleman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"key":"r80-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM193602202140804","article-title":"Foot statics and surgery","volume":"214","author":"Cotton","year":"1936","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"r81-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.3113\/FAI.2011.0278","article-title":"Radiographic analysis of an opening wedge osteotomy of the medial cuneiform","volume":"32","author":"Lutz","year":"2011","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"2","key":"r82-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fcl.2012.03.003","article-title":"Medial column procedures in the correction of adult acquired flatfoot deformity","volume":"17","author":"McCormick","year":"2012","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Clin"},{"issue":"1","key":"r83-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/S1083-7515(03)00086-X","article-title":"The adult acquired flatfoot and spring ligament complex. Pathology and implications for treatment","volume":"6","author":"Deland","year":"2001","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Clin"},{"issue":"4","key":"r84-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpm.2007.06.001","article-title":"Naviculocuneiform arthrodesis","volume":"24","author":"Budny","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Podiatr Med Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"r85-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jfas.2010.12.008","article-title":"Radiographic outcomes of adult acquired flatfoot corrected by medial column arthrodesis with or without a medializing calcaneal osteotomy","volume":"50","author":"Jordan","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Foot Ankle Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"r86-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1177\/1071100713517098","article-title":"Surgical technique, fusion rates, and planovalgus foot deformity correction with naviculocuneiform fusion","volume":"35","author":"Ajis","year":"2014","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"9","key":"r87-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1177\/107110070602700901","article-title":"Arthrodesis of the subtalar and talonavicular joints for correction of symptomatic hindfoot malalignment","volume":"27","author":"Sammarco","year":"2006","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"2","key":"r88-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.68B2.3958012","article-title":"Triple arthrodesis. A critical long-term review","volume":"68","author":"Angus","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br."},{"issue":"6","key":"r89-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1177\/107110079902000603","article-title":"Triple arthrodesis in adults using rigid internal fixation: an assessment of outcome","volume":"20","author":"Bednarz","year":"1999","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"3","key":"r90-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199303000-00006","article-title":"Triple arthrodesis in older adults. Results after long-term follow-up","volume":"75","author":"Graves","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am."},{"issue":"2","key":"r91-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.87B2.15455","article-title":"Triple arthrodesis: is bone grafting necessary? The results in 100 consecutive cases","volume":"87","author":"Rosenfeld","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br."},{"issue":"10","key":"r92-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1391","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199910000-00004","article-title":"Triple arthrodesis: twenty-five and forty-four-year average follow-up of the same patients","volume":"81","author":"Saltzman","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am."},{"issue":"1","key":"r93-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200001000-00006","article-title":"Clinical outcome after primary triple arthrodesis","volume":"82","author":"Pell","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am."},{"issue":"12","key":"r94-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1122","DOI":"10.1177\/107110070602701204","article-title":"The single medial approach to triple arthrodesis: a cadaver study","volume":"27","author":"Jeng","year":"2006","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"2","key":"r95-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-006-0295-4","article-title":"Long-term results after a triple arthrodesis of the hindfoot: function and satisfaction in 36 patients","volume":"32","author":"de Groot","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int Orthop"},{"issue":"9","key":"r96-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.3113\/FAI.2010.0781","article-title":"Deltoid ligament reconstruction with peroneus longus autograft in flatfoot deformity","volume":"31","author":"Ellis","year":"2010","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"r97-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.3113\/FAI.2011.0021","article-title":"Minimally invasive deltoid ligament reconstruction for stage IV flatfoot deformity","volume":"32","author":"Jeng","year":"2011","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"},{"issue":"13","key":"r98-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1194","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.K.00421","article-title":"The salvage of complex hindfoot problems with use of a custom talar total ankle prosthesis","volume":"94","author":"Ketz","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am."},{"issue":"9","key":"r99-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.3113\/FAI.2012.0699","article-title":"Functional outcomes after ankle arthrodesis in elderly patients","volume":"33","author":"Strasser","year":"2012","journal-title":"Foot Ankle Int"}],"container-title":["JBJS Reviews"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/01874474-201708000-00009","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T13:40:44Z","timestamp":1787751644000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/01874474-201708000-00009"}},"subtitle":["Etiology, Diagnosis, and Management"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,8]]},"references-count":95,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2106\/jbjs.rvw.16.00116","relation":{},"ISSN":["2329-9185"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2329-9185","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,8]]}}}