{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T14:37:45Z","timestamp":1787755065627,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JBJS Rev"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:list list-type=\"plain\">\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>* Patellar fractures occur as a result of a direct blow to the knee and\/or as a result of tension when the forces generated between the quadriceps tendon and patellar tendon overcome the strength of the bone.<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>* Patellar fractures that include a functional disruption to the extensor mechanism should be treated with stable open reduction and internal fixation.<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>* If necessary, partial (or, rarely, complete) excision of the patella can be performed to provide a stable extensor mechanism repair.<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>* Acute quadriceps and patellar tendon ruptures, if complete, require primary repair.<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>* Delayed intervention for any complete extensor mechanism disruption may result in the need for reconstruction, augmentation, or advanced techniques to facilitate early motion.<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                    <\/jats:list>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2106\/jbjs.rvw.17.00172","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,2]],"date-time":"2018-10-02T18:52:49Z","timestamp":1538506369000},"page":"e1-e1","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Treatment of Patellar Fractures and Injuries to the Extensor Mechanism of the Knee"],"prefix":"10.2106","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9553-6542","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher N.","family":"Bui","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Orange, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4792-6973","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James R.","family":"Learned","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Orange, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7926-5017","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John A.","family":"Scolaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Orange, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"r1-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.5435\/00124635-201104000-00004","article-title":"Patellar fractures in adults","volume":"19","author":"Melvin","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Am Acad Orthop Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"r2-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1213","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-010-1537-8","article-title":"Patellar fractures","volume":"469","author":"Scolaro","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res."},{"key":"r3-20230812","article-title":"Current concepts review: fractures of the patella","volume":"5","author":"Gwinner","year":"2016","journal-title":"GMS Interdiscip Plast Reconstr Surg DGPW"},{"key":"r4-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199304000-00028","article-title":"Indications and results of nonoperative treatment of patellar fractures","volume":"289","author":"Braun","year":"1993","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res."},{"key":"r5-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3109\/ort.1972.43.suppl-143.01","article-title":"Fracture of the patella. A study of 422 patellar fractures","volume":"143","author":"Bostr\u00f6m","year":"1972","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Scand Suppl."},{"issue":"6","key":"r6-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.3928\/01477447-20150603-05","article-title":"Current treatment strategies for patella fractures","volume":"38","author":"Schuett","year":"2015","journal-title":"Orthopedics"},{"issue":"12","key":"r7-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3429","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-011-1913-z","article-title":"Cannulated screw and cable are superior to modified tension band in the treatment of transverse patella fractures","volume":"469","author":"Tian","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"r8-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1097\/00005131-199704000-00008","article-title":"Early complications in the operative treatment of patella fractures","volume":"11","author":"Smith","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"issue":"7","key":"r9-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0b013e318228c1a1","article-title":"Functional outcomes after operatively treated patella fractures","volume":"26","author":"LeBrun","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"issue":"7","key":"r10-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.K.01549","article-title":"Complications following tension-band fixation of patellar fractures with cannulated screws compared with Kirschner wires","volume":"95","author":"Hoshino","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am."},{"issue":"4","key":"r11-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-197658040-00017","article-title":"The effect of patellectomy on knee function","volume":"58","author":"Sutton","year":"1976","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am."},{"issue":"1","key":"r12-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.79B1.0790013","article-title":"Patellectomy with vastus medialis obliquus advancement for comminuted patellar fractures: a prospective randomised trial","volume":"79","author":"G\u00fcnal","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br."},{"issue":"1","key":"r13-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199301000-00006","article-title":"Effects of partial patellectomy and reattachment of the patellar tendon on patellofemoral contact areas and pressures","volume":"75","author":"Marder","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am."},{"issue":"3","key":"r14-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-1383(81)90238-2","article-title":"Comminuted displaced fractures of the patella","volume":"13","author":"B\u00f6stman","year":"1981","journal-title":"Injury"},{"issue":"9","key":"r15-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1279","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-199072090-00001","article-title":"Results of treatment of displaced patellar fractures by partial patellectomy","volume":"72","author":"Saltzman","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am."},{"issue":"3","key":"r16-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.3349\/ymj.2014.55.3.785","article-title":"Separate vertical wiring for the fixation of comminuted fractures of the inferior pole of the patella","volume":"55","author":"Song","year":"2014","journal-title":"Yonsei Med J"},{"issue":"12","key":"r17-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2512","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2015.09.026","article-title":"Internal fixation of displaced inferior pole of the patella fractures using vertical wiring augmented with Krachow suturing","volume":"46","author":"Oh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Injury"},{"issue":"14","key":"r18-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e96","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.L.00012","article-title":"Outcomes after operative fixation of complete articular patellar fractures: assessment of functional impairment","volume":"95","author":"Lazaro","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am."},{"issue":"4","key":"r19-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200404000-00005","article-title":"Inferior patellar pole avulsion fractures: osteosynthesis compared with pole resection","volume":"86","author":"Kastelec","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am."},{"issue":"9","key":"r20-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e231","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0000000000000039","article-title":"Plating of patella fractures: techniques and outcomes","volume":"28","author":"Taylor","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"issue":"12","key":"r21-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e504","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0000000000000415","article-title":"Multiplanar fixation for patella fractures using a low-profile mesh plate","volume":"29","author":"Lorich","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"issue":"5","key":"r22-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0000000000000787","article-title":"Superior outcomes after operative fixation of patella fractures using a novel plating technique: a prospective cohort study","volume":"31","author":"Lorich","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"issue":"19","key":"r23-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1592","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.O.00113","article-title":"Extensor mechanism injuries of the knee: demographic characteristics and comorbidities from a review of 726 patient records","volume":"97","author":"Garner","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am."},{"issue":"11","key":"r24-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.1097\/BOT.0b013e31824a3bb5","article-title":"Outcomes after knee joint extensor mechanism disruptions: is it better to fracture the patella or rupture the tendon?","volume":"26","author":"Tejwani","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Orthop Trauma"},{"issue":"2","key":"r25-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1177\/1457496915598761","article-title":"Etiology, diagnosis and treatment of tendinous knee extensor mechanism injuries","volume":"105","author":"Ibounig","year":"2016","journal-title":"Scand J Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"r26-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.5435\/00124635-200305000-00006","article-title":"Quadriceps tendon rupture","volume":"11","author":"Ilan","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Am Acad Orthop Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"r27-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1111\/fcp.12228","article-title":"What tendon pathology is seen on imaging in people who have taken fluoroquinolones? A systematic review","volume":"31","author":"Lang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Fundam Clin Pharmacol"},{"issue":"7","key":"r28-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1002\/ccr3.592","article-title":"Spontaneous bilateral patellar tendon rupture: case report and review of fluoroquinolone-induced tendinopathy","volume":"4","author":"Rosa","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Case Rep"},{"issue":"11","key":"r29-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1931","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2012.08.044","article-title":"Clinical outcomes after repair of quadriceps tendon rupture: a systematic review","volume":"43","author":"Ciriello","year":"2012","journal-title":"Injury"},{"issue":"3","key":"r30-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knee.2014.10.007","article-title":"Reconstruction techniques and clinical results of patellar tendon ruptures: evidence today","volume":"22","author":"Gilmore","year":"2015","journal-title":"Knee"},{"issue":"6","key":"r31-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1016\/j.injury.2005.12.014","article-title":"Quadriceps and patellar tendon rupture","volume":"37","author":"Ramseier","year":"2006","journal-title":"Injury"},{"issue":"6","key":"r32-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.5435\/00124635-199611000-00001","article-title":"Patellar tendon ruptures","volume":"4","author":"Matava","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Am Acad Orthop Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"r33-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2016.06.027","article-title":"Knotless suture anchor with suture tape quadriceps tendon repair is biomechanically superior to transosseous and traditional suture anchor-based repairs in a cadaveric model","volume":"33","author":"Kindya","year":"2017","journal-title":"Arthroscopy"},{"issue":"8","key":"r34-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2076","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546516643811","article-title":"Comparison of the suture anchor and transosseous techniques for patellar tendon repair: a biomechanical study","volume":"44","author":"Lanzi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"r35-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arthro.2015.11.038","article-title":"Biomechanical evaluation of suture anchor versus transosseous tunnel quadriceps tendon repair techniques","volume":"32","author":"Sherman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arthroscopy"},{"issue":"1","key":"r36-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1177\/036354659502300114","article-title":"Semitendinosus augmentation of acute patellar tendon repair with immediate mobilization","volume":"23","author":"Larson","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"r37-20230812","first-page":"417","article-title":"Augmentation of a patellar tendon repair with an autologous semitendinosus graft","volume":"75","author":"Van der Bracht","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Belg"},{"issue":"2","key":"r38-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1177\/0363546507308192","article-title":"Early motion after quadriceps and patellar tendon repairs: outcomes with single-suture augmentation","volume":"36","author":"West","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"r39-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-8063(05)80366-4","article-title":"Scoring of patellofemoral disorders","volume":"9","author":"Kujala","year":"1993","journal-title":"Arthroscopy"},{"issue":"6","key":"r40-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbo.2016.03.013","article-title":"Total ruptures of the extensor apparatus of the knee","volume":"51","author":"Moura","year":"2016","journal-title":"Rev Bras Ortop"}],"container-title":["JBJS Reviews"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/01874474-201810000-00001","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T13:36:58Z","timestamp":1787751418000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/01874474-201810000-00001"}},"subtitle":["A Critical Analysis Review"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2106\/jbjs.rvw.17.00172","relation":{},"ISSN":["2329-9185"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2329-9185","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]}}}