{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T14:46:01Z","timestamp":1787755561899,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JBJS Rev"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:list list-type=\"plain\">\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>* Fractures are common in childhood and adolescence, with an estimated 30% of this population experiencing at least 1 broken bone. The forearm is the most common fracture site.<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>* In the absence of major trauma, fractures of the femur and spine are suggestive of abnormal bone fragility; such cases warrant a comprehensive evaluation and treatment by a team of specialists.<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>* Pharmacological agents to treat pediatric osteoporosis should be considered for patients with fragility fractures, especially when spontaneous recovery is unlikely.<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>* Similarly, overuse injuries of the bone (stress fractures) in children and adolescents are best evaluated and managed by a team that includes orthopaedic surgeons, physical therapists, nutritionists, and sports-medicine experts.<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>* Management of stress fractures includes optimizing nutrition, rest until fractures heal, gradual return to activity, and surgery if nonunion occurs.<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                    <\/jats:list>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2106\/jbjs.rvw.17.00205","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,16]],"date-time":"2018-10-16T14:56:01Z","timestamp":1539701761000},"page":"e6-e6","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Team Approach: Bone Health in Children and Adolescents"],"prefix":"10.2106","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5544-2939","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emily","family":"Kraus","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery (E.K.) and Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics (L.K.B. and M.G.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7513-9339","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura K.","family":"Bachrach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery (E.K.) and Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics (L.K.B. and M.G.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5616-2031","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monica","family":"Grover","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedic Surgery (E.K.) and Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics (L.K.B. and M.G.), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"r1-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.3109\/17453671003628780","article-title":"Epidemiology of fractures in children and adolescents","volume":"81","author":"Hedstr\u00f6m","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta Orthop"},{"issue":"12","key":"r2-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1976","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.040902","article-title":"Epidemiology of childhood fractures in Britain: a study using the general practice research database","volume":"19","author":"Cooper","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res."},{"issue":"7","key":"r3-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1943","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2010-2546","article-title":"Approach to the child with fractures","volume":"96","author":"Boyce","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"2","key":"r4-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2014.01.003","article-title":"International Society for Clinical Densitometry. 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