{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T05:41:29Z","timestamp":1787982089748,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JBJS Rev"],"abstract":"\n Background:<\/jats:title>\n Neuropathic arthropathy of the shoulder is a chronic progressive process characterized by joint destruction in the presence of a neurosensory deficit. Causes include syringomyelia, syphilis, diabetes, chronic alcoholism, and leprosy, with syringomyelia accounting for the vast majority of upper-extremity Charcot joints. Early presentation of this rare condition includes nonspecific symptoms such as swelling, erythema, sensory symptoms, and decreased functionality, making diagnosis challenging.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods:<\/jats:title>\n We systematically reviewed 32 case reports published between 1924 and 2016. A total of 59 shoulders from 56 patients are included in this analysis. Variables include patient demographic characteristics, presentation, etiology, diagnostic techniques, treatment, outcome, and follow-up of Charcot shoulder.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n We compiled a total of 25 right shoulders (42%), 24 left shoulders (41%), and 10 shoulders (17%) with unspecified laterality. The mean patient age (and standard deviation) was 49 \u00b1 11 years, and the median age was 47 years. There was a higher prevalence in men (37 shoulders [63%]) compared with women (22 shoulders [37%]). Presenting symptoms included reduced range of motion (53 shoulders [90%]), paresthesia or hypoesthesia (45 [76%]), swelling (44 [75%]), weakness (40 [68%]), pain (31 [53%]), and reduction in deep tendon reflexes (22 [37%]). Shoulder radiographs were made in all cases. The presence of a syrinx was detected in 45 shoulders (76%) with magnetic resonance imaging, myelography, or clinical diagnosis. Sixteen shoulders (27%) reported exposure to trauma, with a 69% decrease in time from presentation to diagnosis compared with non-traumatic cases. Treatment was categorized as solely nonoperative management (14 [24%]), operative management (13 [22%]), combined therapy (20 [34%]), and no treatment listed (10 [17%]). Two surgical cases (3%) were excluded from our treatment group analysis as they were treated for unrelated or misdiagnosed conditions.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n Our study increases awareness and understanding of this complex, progressive disease to reduce delay and misdiagnosis and to contribute to the standard-of-care recommendations.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Level of Evidence:<\/jats:title>\n \n Therapeutic\n Level IV<\/jats:underline>\n . See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.2106\/jbjs.rvw.18.00155","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,1]],"date-time":"2019-10-01T03:02:35Z","timestamp":1569898955000},"page":"e1-e1","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Neuropathic Arthropathy of the Shoulder"],"prefix":"10.2106","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9500-4589","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariel M.","family":"Rickert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, Florida"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3135-6187","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jennifer G.","family":"Cannon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, Florida"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3292-1539","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John S.","family":"Kirkpatrick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, Florida"},{"name":"Orlando Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Orlando, Florida"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"r1-20230812","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jse.2016.10.015","article-title":"Charcot shoulder and elbow: a review of the literature and update on treatment","volume":"26","author":"Snoddy","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Shoulder Elbow Surg"},{"key":"r3-20230812","first-page":"244","article-title":"Paraplegia, syringomyelia tarda and neuropathic arthrosis of the shoulder: a 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Reviews"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.2106\/JBJS.RVW.18.00155","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T13:45:21Z","timestamp":1787751921000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.2106\/JBJS.RVW.18.00155"}},"subtitle":["A Systematic Review of Classifications and Treatments"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2106\/jbjs.rvw.18.00155","relation":{},"ISSN":["2329-9185"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2329-9185","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]}}}