{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T14:37:34Z","timestamp":1787755054707,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["JBJS Rev"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:list list-type=\"plain\">\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>\u00bb Carpal tunnel syndrome is the most common compression neuropathy.<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>\u00bb Despite the prevalence of carpal tunnel syndrome, many other conditions present with similar symptoms (numbness, tingling, thenar atrophy, and weakness).<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>\u00bb Carpal tunnel syndrome is differentiated from other etiologies through a detailed history and physical examination, aided by electrodiagnostic and adjunctive imaging studies.<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                      <jats:list-item>\n                        <jats:p>\u00bb Misdiagnosis can lead to unnecessary operative procedures and persistent symptoms.<\/jats:p>\n                      <\/jats:list-item>\n                    <\/jats:list>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.2106\/jbjs.rvw.19.00087","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,17]],"date-time":"2020-02-17T05:38:00Z","timestamp":1581917880000},"page":"e0087-e0087","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Mimickers of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.2106","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4717-5305","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jana","family":"Dengler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1087-5137","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J.D.","family":"Stephens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kettering Health Network Orthopaedic Surgery Residency, Dayton, Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3019-0936","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"H. Brent","family":"Bamberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kettering Health Network Orthopaedic Surgery Residency, Dayton, Ohio"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4951-1325","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amy M.","family":"Moore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"r1-20230807","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1053\/jhsu.2001.24972","article-title":"The prevalence and characteristics of nerve compression symptoms in the general population","volume":"26","author":"Papanicolaou","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"issue":"1","key":"r2-20230807","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hcl.2017.09.003","article-title":"Carpal tunnel syndrome and distal radius fractures","volume":"34","author":"Pope","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hand Clin"},{"issue":"4","key":"r3-20230807","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1074","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199704000-00023","article-title":"The ten test","volume":"99","author":"Strauch","year":"1997","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"r4-20230807","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198466010-00009","article-title":"Sensibility testing in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome","volume":"66","author":"Szabo","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"4","key":"r5-20230807","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ocl.2012.07.011","article-title":"Physical examination of upper extremity compressive neuropathies","volume":"43","author":"Popinchalk","year":"2012","journal-title":"Orthop Clin North Am"},{"issue":"1","key":"r6-20230807","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1097\/00000637-199207000-00003","article-title":"Verification of the pressure provocative test in carpal tunnel syndrome","volume":"29","author":"Williams","year":"1992","journal-title":"Ann Plast Surg"},{"issue":"7","key":"r7-20230807","first-page":"437","article-title":"Carpal tunnel syndrome: reappraisal of five clinical tests","volume":"38","author":"Ghavanini","year":"1998","journal-title":"Electromyogr Clin Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"7615","key":"r8-20230807","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39282.623553.AD","article-title":"Carpal tunnel syndrome","volume":"335","author":"Bland","year":"2007","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"5","key":"r9-20230807","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1016\/S0266-7681(00)80009-1","article-title":"The value of the history in the diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome","volume":"25","author":"Bland","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Br"},{"issue":"3","key":"r10-20230807","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1016\/S0363-5023(83)80179-8","article-title":"Carpal tunnel decompression in spite of normal electromyography","volume":"8","author":"Grundberg","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"issue":"647","key":"r11-20230807","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.3399\/bjgp16X685549","article-title":"Hand manifestations of neurological disease: some alternatives to consider","volume":"66","author":"Butler","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br J Gen Pract"},{"issue":"4","key":"r12-20230807","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1529-8027.2000.22-15.x","article-title":"Neurologic disorders masquerading as carpal tunnel syndrome: 12 cases of failed carpal tunnel release","volume":"5","author":"Witt","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Peripher Nerv Syst"},{"issue":"4","key":"r13-20230807","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.20949","article-title":"Dissociated small hand muscle atrophy in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: frequency, extent, and specificity","volume":"37","author":"Kuwabara","year":"2008","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"issue":"1","key":"r14-20230807","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4598(200001)23:1<138::AID-MUS22>3.0.CO;2-7","article-title":"The \u201csplit hand syndrome\u201d","volume":"23","author":"Wilbourn","year":"2000","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"issue":"5","key":"r15-20230807","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.14336\/AD.2013.0400295","article-title":"Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: an update for 2013 clinical features, pathophysiology, management and therapeutic trials","volume":"4","author":"Gordon","year":"2013","journal-title":"Aging Dis"},{"issue":"10","key":"r16-20230807","first-page":"1935","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of multiple sclerosis","volume":"70","author":"Calabresi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"issue":"3","key":"r18-20230807","first-page":"175","article-title":"Multiple sclerosis review","volume":"37","author":"Goldenberg","year":"2012","journal-title":"P T"},{"issue":"2","key":"r19-20230807","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00313754","article-title":"Hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsies. Report of two families and review of the literature","volume":"228","author":"Meier","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"issue":"7","key":"r20-20230807","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1440","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.52.7.1440","article-title":"Spectrum of clinical and electrophysiologic features in HNPP patients with the 17p11.2 deletion","volume":"52","author":"Mouton","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"6","key":"r21-20230807","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1016\/S1529-9430(03)00117-7","article-title":"Molecular biology of cervical myelopathy and spinal cord injury: role of oligodendrocyte apoptosis","volume":"3","author":"Kim","year":"2003","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"issue":"1","key":"r22-20230807","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1142\/S0218810405002425","article-title":"Is symptomatology useful in distinguishing between carpal tunnel syndrome and cervical spondylosis?","volume":"10","author":"Chow","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hand Surg"},{"issue":"9","key":"r23-20230807","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"890","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0b013e31819c944b","article-title":"Prevalence of physical signs in cervical myelopathy: a prospective, controlled study","volume":"34","author":"Rhee","year":"2009","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"issue":"1","key":"r24-20230807","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.164.1.3588931","article-title":"Asymptomatic degenerative disk disease and spondylosis of the cervical spine: MR imaging","volume":"164","author":"Teresi","year":"1987","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"4","key":"r25-20230807","first-page":"6330","article-title":"Cervical spondylotic myelopathy: what the neurologist should know","volume":"8","author":"de Oliveira Vila\u00e7a","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurol Int"},{"issue":"2","key":"r26-20230807","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.4184\/asj.2016.10.2.231","article-title":"Cervical radiculopathy: incidence and treatment of 1,420 consecutive cases","volume":"10","author":"Kim","year":"2016","journal-title":"Asian Spine J"},{"issue":"8","key":"r27-20230807","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1459","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-012-2297-9","article-title":"Lack of uniform diagnostic criteria for cervical radiculopathy in conservative intervention studies: a systematic review","volume":"21","author":"Thoomes","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"issue":"7","key":"r28-20230807","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-6196(12)61756-X","article-title":"The many faces of carpal tunnel syndrome","volume":"64","author":"Spinner","year":"1989","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"issue":"1","key":"r30-20230807","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2017.08.241","article-title":"Value of physical tests in diagnosing cervical radiculopathy: a systematic review","volume":"18","author":"Thoomes","year":"2018","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"issue":"1","key":"r31-20230807","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmr.2012.08.012","article-title":"Electrodiagnosis of cervical radiculopathy","volume":"24","author":"Hakimi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am"},{"issue":"3","key":"r32-20230807","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1016\/S0266-7681_85_80063-2","article-title":"Carpal tunnel release: analysis of suboptimal results","volume":"10","author":"Eason","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Br"},{"issue":"1","key":"r33-20230807","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1097\/00002517-198903000-00005","article-title":"Coexisting cervical spondylotic myelopathy and bilateral carpal tunnel syndromes","volume":"2","author":"Epstein","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Spinal Disord"},{"issue":"7825","key":"r34-20230807","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(73)93196-6","article-title":"The double crush in nerve entrapment syndromes","volume":"2","author":"Upton","year":"1973","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"6","key":"r35-20230807","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1673680","article-title":"Radicular pain syndromes: cervical, lumbar, and spinal stenosis","volume":"38","author":"Patel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Semin Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"r36-20230807","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1990.72.1.0133","article-title":"Acute presentations of syringomyelia. Report of three cases","volume":"72","author":"Zager","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"issue":"5","key":"r37-20230807","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1302\/0301-620X.77B5.7559706","article-title":"Absent superficial abdominal reflexes in children with scoliosis. An early indicator of syringomyelia","volume":"77","author":"Zadeh","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Br"},{"issue":"1","key":"r38-20230807","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rcl.2010.07.018","article-title":"Spine infection\/inflammation","volume":"49","author":"DeSanto","year":"2011 Jan","journal-title":"Radiol Clin North Am"},{"issue":"6","key":"r39-20230807","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1836","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-015-4262-x","article-title":"Surgical management of syringomyelia unrelated to Chiari malformation or spinal cord injury","volume":"25","author":"Talacchi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"issue":"2","key":"r41-20230807","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thorsurg.2017.01.008","article-title":"Management of lung cancer invading the superior sulcus","volume":"27","author":"Kratz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Thorac Surg Clin"},{"issue":"12","key":"r42-20230807","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1255","DOI":"10.1080\/17476348.2017.1246964","article-title":"Diagnosing and treating pancoast tumors","volume":"10","author":"Zarogoulidis","year":"2016","journal-title":"Expert Rev Respir Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"r43-20230807","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.21037\/atm.2016.06.16","article-title":"Superior sulcus tumors (Pancoast tumors)","volume":"4","author":"Marulli","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Transl Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"r44-20230807","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244S","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.123.1_suppl.244S","article-title":"Lung cancer. Special treatment issues","volume":"123","author":"Detterbeck","year":"2003","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"5","key":"r45-20230807","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e369S","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.12-2362","article-title":"Special treatment issues in non-small cell lung cancer: diagnosis and management of lung cancer, 3rd ed: American College of Chest Physicians evidence-based clinical practice guidelines","volume":"143","author":"Kozower","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"18","key":"r47-20230807","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1634","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3182904f3f","article-title":"Detection of peripheral nerve pathology: comparison of ultrasound and MRI","volume":"80","author":"Zaidman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"4","key":"r48-20230807","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000367636.91555.70","article-title":"The surgical management of symptomatic peripheral nerve sheath tumors","volume":"66","author":"Levi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"12","key":"r49-20230807","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3549","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19931215)72:12<3549::AID-CNCR2820721202>3.0.CO;2-Y","article-title":"Peripheral nerve sheath tumors. Histogenesis, classification, and prognosis","volume":"72","author":"Hajdu","year":"1993","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"issue":"5","key":"r50-20230807","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000078813.05925.2C","article-title":"Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor: the clinical spectrum and outcome of treatment","volume":"61","author":"Baehring","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"2","key":"r51-20230807","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1097\/01.nrl.0000195830.22432.a5","article-title":"Neurofibromatosis types 1 and 2","volume":"12","author":"Yohay","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurologist"},{"issue":"2","key":"r52-20230807","first-page":"342","article-title":"Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors in the setting of segmental neurofibromatosis","volume":"92","author":"Schwarz","year":"2000","journal-title":"Case report. J Neurosurg."},{"issue":"11","key":"r53-20230807","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2191","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0142(19980601)82:11<2191::AID-CNCR14>3.0.CO;2-P","article-title":"Subdiaphragmatic and intrathoracic paraspinal malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors: a clinicopathologic study of 25 patients and 26 tumors","volume":"82","author":"Kourea","year":"1998","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"issue":"8","key":"r54-20230807","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1625","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2015.05.025","article-title":"Intraneural ganglions of the hand and wrist","volume":"40","author":"Naam","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"key":"r55-20230807","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM190106131442404","article-title":"Contributions from the Long Island Hospital, Boston Harbor\u2014cystic tumor of the median nerve; operation: restoration of function","volume":"144","author":"Hartwell","year":"1901","journal-title":"Boston Med Surg J"},{"issue":"6","key":"r56-20230807","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1016\/S0266-7681(97)80454-8","article-title":"Intraneural mucoid cysts of the upper limb","volume":"22","author":"Giele","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Br"},{"issue":"2 Pt 1","key":"r57-20230807","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/0363-5023(89)90004-X","article-title":"Peripheral nerve mucoid degeneration of the upper extremity","volume":"14","author":"Allieu","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"issue":"4","key":"r58-20230807","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1016\/S0266-7681(05)80156-1","article-title":"Isolated sensory impairment of the thumb due to an intraneural ganglion cyst in the median nerve","volume":"20","author":"Jaradeh","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Br"},{"issue":"1","key":"r59-20230807","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/S0266-7681(98)80243-X","article-title":"Intraneural ganglion of the branchial plexus","volume":"23","author":"Nakamichi","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Br"},{"issue":"4","key":"r60-20230807","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"A115","DOI":"10.1227\/01.NEU.0000346259.84604.D4","article-title":"The unifying articular (synovial) origin of intraneural ganglia: evolution-revelation-revolution","volume":"65","author":"Spinner","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"6","key":"r61-20230807","first-page":"E16","article-title":"Peroneal intraneural ganglia. Part I. Techniques for successful diagnosis and treatment","volume":"22","author":"Spinner","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurosurg Focus"},{"issue":"6","key":"r62-20230807","first-page":"E27","article-title":"Peroneal intraneural ganglia. Part II. Lessons learned and pitfalls to avoid for successful diagnosis and treatment","volume":"22","author":"Spinner","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurosurg Focus"},{"issue":"2","key":"r63-20230807","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2003.99.2.0319","article-title":"Peroneal intraneural ganglia: the importance of the articular branch","volume":"99","author":"Spinner","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clinical series. J Neurosurg."},{"key":"r64-20230807","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1097\/00003086-199911000-00006","article-title":"Brachial neuritis","volume":"368","author":"McCarty","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin Orthop Relat Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"r65-20230807","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410180308","article-title":"Brachial plexus neuropathy in the population of Rochester, Minnesota, 1970-1981","volume":"18","author":"Beghi","year":"1985","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"issue":"Pt 4","key":"r66-20230807","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/123.4.665","article-title":"The incidence and lifetime prevalence of neurological disorders in a prospective community-based study in the UK","volume":"123","author":"MacDonald","year":"2000","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"1","key":"r68-20230807","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1097\/CND.0b013e3181450f7a","article-title":"Brachial plexopathies: etiology, frequency, and electrodiagnostic localization","volume":"9","author":"Moghekar","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Clin Neuromuscul Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"r69-20230807","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1972.00490140013004","article-title":"Natural history of brachial plexus neuropathy. Report on 99 patients","volume":"27","author":"Tsairis","year":"1972","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"issue":"3","key":"r70-20230807","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1016\/S0363-5023(97)80025-1","article-title":"Brachial neuritis presenting as anterior interosseous nerve compression\u2014implications for diagnosis and treatment: a case report","volume":"22","author":"Wong","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"issue":"6","key":"r71-20230807","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1831","DOI":"10.1227\/NEU.0b013e3181f8254b","article-title":"Post-cervical decompression parsonage-turner syndrome represents a subset of C5 palsy: six cases and a review of the literature: case report","volume":"67","author":"Brown","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"5","key":"r72-20230807","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1177\/036354658901700512","article-title":"Acute brachial neuropathy in athletes","volume":"17","author":"Hershman","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am J Sports Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"r73-20230807","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-5919(20)30734-1","article-title":"Brachial plexus injuries","volume":"9","author":"Hershman","year":"1990","journal-title":"Clin Sports Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"r75-20230807","first-page":"755","article-title":"An algorithm for the evaluation of peripheral neuropathy","volume":"57","author":"Poncelet","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"key":"r76-20230807","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"g6437","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.g6437","article-title":"Carpal tunnel syndrome","volume":"349","author":"Middleton","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"1","key":"r77-20230807","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.5535\/arm.2019.43.1.45","article-title":"Optimal ultrasonographic measurements for diagnosing carpal tunnel syndrome in patients with diabetic sensorimotor polyneuropathy: a case-control study","volume":"43","author":"Park","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ann Rehabil Med"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"r78-20230807","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2007.01.053","article-title":"Rationale and usefulness of newly devised abbreviated diagnostic criteria and staging for diabetic polyneuropathy","volume":"77","author":"Yasuda","year":"2007","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract"},{"issue":"2","key":"r80-20230807","first-page":"67","article-title":"False positive rate of thoracic outlet syndrome diagnostic maneuvers","volume":"48","author":"Nord","year":"2008","journal-title":"Electromyogr Clin Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"r81-20230807","first-page":"150","article-title":"[The reliability of somatosensory evoked potentials in the diagnosis of thoracic outlet syndrome]","volume":"37","author":"Yilmaz","year":"2003","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Traumatol Turc"},{"issue":"3","key":"r82-20230807","first-page":"131","article-title":"Utility (or futility?) of electrodiagnosis in thoracic outlet syndrome","volume":"45","author":"Rousseff","year":"2005","journal-title":"Electromyogr Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"r83-20230807","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1140","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197205252862106","article-title":"Management of the thoracic-outlet syndrome","volume":"286","author":"Urschel","year":"1972","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"r84-20230807","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1016\/S0363-5023(05)80264-3","article-title":"Outcome following conservative management of thoracic outlet syndrome","volume":"20","author":"Novak","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"issue":"2","key":"r85-20230807","first-page":"201","article-title":"Conservative management of thoracic outlet syndrome","volume":"8","author":"Novak","year":"1996","journal-title":"Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"r87-20230807","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-199810000-00017","article-title":"Neurovascular compression in the thoracic outlet: changing management over 50 years","volume":"228","author":"Urschel","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"r88-20230807","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-198163060-00004","article-title":"The pronator teres syndrome: compressive neuropathy of the median nerve","volume":"63","author":"Hartz","year":"1981","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"1","key":"r90-20230807","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/S0363-5023(79)80104-5","article-title":"Median nerve entrapment syndrome in the proximal forearm","volume":"4","author":"Johnson","year":"1979","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"},{"issue":"4","key":"r91-20230807","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.3109\/17453677508989243","article-title":"The carpal tunnel syndrome. A retrospective study of 400 operated patients","volume":"46","author":"Hybbinette","year":"1975","journal-title":"Acta Orthop Scand"},{"issue":"4","key":"r92-20230807","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1016\/S0266-7681(96)80065-9","article-title":"Carpal tunnel syndrome in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and late onset cerebellar ataxia","volume":"21","author":"Mondelli","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Br"},{"key":"r93-20230807","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.2147\/JPR.S190652","article-title":"The comparison of the effectiveness between different doses of local methylprednisolone injection versus triamcinolone in carpal tunnel syndrome: a double-blind clinical trial","volume":"12","author":"Karimzadeh","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Pain Res"}],"container-title":["JBJS Reviews"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.2106\/JBJS.RVW.19.00087","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T13:36:41Z","timestamp":1787751401000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.2106\/JBJS.RVW.19.00087"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]},"references-count":84,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2106\/jbjs.rvw.19.00087","relation":{},"ISSN":["2329-9185"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2329-9185","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]}}}